Transcript Muscles - Dr. M`s Class

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by
Barbara Heard,
Atlantic Cape Community
College
CHAPTER
10
The
Muscular
System:
Part C
© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint
• Nine muscles cross shoulder joint; insert
on and move humerus
• Some originate from scapula; others from
axial skeleton
• Actions include flexion, extension,
adduction
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Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint
• Three prime movers of arm
– Pectoralis major
– Latissimus dorsi
– Deltoid
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Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Pectoralis major
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Latissimus dorsi
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Deltoid
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint
• Rotator cuff muscles act as synergists and
fixators; originate on scapula; reinforce
shoulder capsule; prevent dislocation
– Supraspinatus
– Infraspinatus
– Teres minor
– Subscapularis
• Coracobrachialis and teres major synergists
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Muscles that cross the glenohumeral joint
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Movement from the rotator cuff muscles (a)
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Movement from the rotator cuff muscles (b)
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Teres Major
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Rotator Cuff Anatomy and Function
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Subscapularis
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Supraspinatus
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Infraspinatus
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Teres minor
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Rotator cuff muscles
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the
arm and forearm, respectively.
Clavicle
Deltoid
Sternum
Pectoralis
major
Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii:
Lateral head
Long head
Medial head
Biceps
brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anterior view
Rotator Cuff Anatomy and Function
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Scapular muscles of the glenohumeral joint (a)
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Axial muscles of the glenohumeral joint (a)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the
arm and forearm, respectively.
Supraspinatus*
Spine of scapula
Deltoid (cut)
Greater tubercle
of humerus
Infraspinatus*
Teres minor*
Teres major
Triceps brachii:
Lateral head
Long head
Latissimus dorsi
Humerus
Olecranon
of ulna
Anconeus
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Posterior view
Rotator Cuff Anatomy and Function
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Scapular muscles of the glenohumeral joint (b)
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Axial muscles of the glenohumeral joint (b)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.12 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (1 of 3)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Movement at the Glenohumeral Joint
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Movement at the glenohumeral joint: An overview
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Movement at the glenohumeral joint (a)
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Movement at the glenohumeral joint (b)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint
• Anterior flexor muscles
– Brachialis and biceps brachii—chief
forearm flexors
– Brachioradialis—synergist and stabilizer
PLAY
A&P Flix™: The elbow joint and forearm: An overview
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Muscles of the elbow joint (a)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the
arm and forearm, respectively.
Clavicle
Deltoid
Sternum
Pectoralis
major
Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii:
Lateral head
Long head
Medial head
Biceps
brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anterior view
Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Muscles of the elbow joint (b)
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Biceps brachii
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Brachialis
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Brachioradialis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint
• Posterior extensor muscles
– Triceps brachii—prime mover of forearm
extension
– Anconeus—weak synergist
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the
arm and forearm, respectively.
Supraspinatus*
Spine of scapula
Deltoid (cut)
Greater tubercle
of humerus
Infraspinatus*
Teres minor*
Teres major
Triceps brachii:
Lateral head
Long head
Latissimus dorsi
Humerus
Olecranon
of ulna
Anconeus
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Posterior view
Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Muscles of the elbow joint (c)
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Triceps brachii
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.18a Summary: Actions of muscles of the arm and forearm.
Key:
Extensors
Flexors
Others
Lateral
head
Triceps
brachii
Posterior compartment of arm
(extends elbow); innervated by
radial nerve
Long
head
Medial
head
Humerus
Brachialis
Short head
Long head
Biceps brachii
Muscles of the arm
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Movement at the elbow joint
Anterior compartment of arm
(flexes elbow); innervated by
musculocutaneous nerve
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.12 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (2 of 3)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Forearm
• Actions - movements of wrist, fingers,
thumb, pronation, supination
• Most anterior muscles – flexors; insert via
flexor retinaculum
• Most posterior muscles – extensors; insert
via extensor retinaculum
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Muscles that act on the wrist
and fingers: An overview
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Muscles of the forearm (a)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Forearm
• Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
pronate forearm
• Supinator - synergist with biceps brachii
in forearm supination
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Muscles of the forearm (b)
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Muscles of the forearm (c)
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Pronator teres
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Supinator
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Muscles of the Forearm: Anterior
Compartment
• Flexors
– Flexor carpi radialis
– Flexor carpi ulnaris
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Carpal tunnel
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.16a Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers.
Superficial
transverse
ligament of palm
Palmar
aponeurosis
Flexor
digitorum
superficialis
Flexor carpi
ulnaris
Palmaris
longus
Flexor
carpi radialis
Medial
epicondyle
of humerus
Medial head of
triceps brachii
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Flexor
retinaculum
Pronator
quadratus
Flexor pollicis
longus
Extensor carpi
radialis longus
Brachioradialis
Pronator
teres
Tendon of
biceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Muscles of the Forearm: Anterior
Compartment
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Anterior Muscles of the wrist and fingers (b)
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Flexor carpi radialis
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Flexor carpi ulnaris
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Flexor digitorum superficialis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.16c Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers.
Tendon of
flexor digitorum
profundus
Tendon of flexor
digitorum superficialis
(cut)
Lumbricals
Tendon of flexor
pollicis longus
Tendon of
flexor carpi ulnaris
(cut)
Thenar muscles
of thumb
Pronator quadratus
Flexor pollicis
longus
Supinator
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Flexor digitorum
profundus
Muscles of the Forearm: Anterior
Compartment
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Anterior Muscles of the wrist and fingers (a)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Forearm: Posterior
Compartment
• Extensors
– Extensor digitorum
– Extensor carpi ulnaris
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.17a Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers.
Extensor expansion
Tendons of extensor
digitorum
Extensor pollicis
longus
Extensor pollicis
brevis
Abductor
pollicis longus
Extensor digitorum
Tendons of extensor
carpi radialis brevis
and longus
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi
ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi
radialis brevis
Anconeus
Extensor carpi
radialis longus
Insertion of
triceps brachii
Brachioradialis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Forearm: Posterior
Compartment
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Posterior Muscles of the wrist and fingers (b)
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Extensor carpi radialis longus
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Extensor carpi radialis brevis
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Extensor digitorum
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Extensor carpi ulnaris(c)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.17b Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers.
Interossei
Extensor indicis
Extensor pollicis
brevis
Extensor pollicis
longus
Abductor pollicis
longus
Supinator
Anconeus
Olecranon of ulna
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Forearm: Posterior
Compartment
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Posterior Muscles of the wrist and fingers (a)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Movements of the Wrist and Fingers
• Flexion and extension
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Movements of the wrist and fingers (a)
• Abduction and adduction
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Movements of the wrist and fingers (b)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.18b Summary: Actions of muscles of the arm and forearm.
Key:
Extensors
Flexors
Others
Posterior compartment of forearm
(extends wrist and fingers);
innervated by radial nerve
Radius
Abductor
pollicis longus
Others Pronator teres
Brachioradialis
(elbow flexor)
Extensors
Ulna
Flexors
Muscles of the forearm
Anterior compartment of forearm
(flexes wrist and fingers);
innervated by median or ulnar nerve
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.12 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (3 of 3)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
• Small weak muscles
– Lie entirely within palm of hand
– Control precise movements of metacarpals
and fingers (e.g., threading a needle)
– Abductors and adductors of fingers
– Produce opposition—move thumb toward little
finger
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Finger and Thumb Movements
• Flexion
– Thumb—bends medially along palm
– Fingers—bend anteriorly
• Extension
– Thumb—points laterally
– Fingers—move posteriorly
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.19a Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.
Tendons of:
Flexor digitorum
profundus
Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Fibrous sheath
Second lumbrical
Dorsal interossei
Third
lumbrical
First lumbrical
Fourth
lumbrical
Adductor pollicis
Flexor pollicis
brevis
Opponens
digiti minimi
Abductor
pollicis
brevis
Flexor digiti
minimi brevis
Opponens
pollicis
Abductor
digiti minimi
Flexor
retinaculum
Abductor
pollicis
longus
Tendons of:
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor pollicis longus
Pisiform bone
Flexor carpi
ulnaris tendon
Flexor digitorum
superficialis
tendons
First superficial layer
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.19b Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.
Flexor digitorum
profundus tendon
Flexor
digitorum
superficialis
tendon
Dorsal
interossei
Adductor
pollicis
Palmar
interossei
Opponens
digiti minimi
Flexor
pollicis
brevis
Flexor digiti
minimi brevis
(cut)
Abductor
pollicis
brevis
Abductor
digiti minimi
(cut)
Opponens
pollicis
Second layer
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Flexor pollicis
longus tendon
Figure 10.19c Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.
Palmar
interossei
Palmar interossei (isolated)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.19d Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.
Dorsal
interossei
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Dorsal interossei (isolated)
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
PLAY
Animation: Rotating hand
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.