Transcript Presentation

Cerebrum
• Cerebrum = largest portion
-left and right cerebral hemispheres divided by the longitudinal fissure
-connected by the corpus callosum
-folded into ridges and grooves: grooves = sulci
-sulci divide the cerebrum into lobes
-ridges = gyri (gyrus)
– many gyri and sulci
have specific names
e.g. Central sulcus
•Frontal and parietal
lobes
Cerebrum
-cerebrum is comprised of white and
gray matter:
1. white matter - neurons with
long, myelinated axons
-organized into tracts
-three categories of tracts
a. commisural – join areas
between hemispheres
e.g. corpus callosum
b. association – joins areas within
a hemisphere
c. projection – joins cerebrum to
brain stem
• brain contains fluid-filled chambers =
Ventricles
– Chambers in central passageway of the brain
– 2 lateral ventricles, 1 third ventricle, 1 fourth
ventricle
– connects to the central canal which runs into
the spinal canal
– These chambers contain cerebrospinal fluid
Protection: CSF
I
III
II
V
VI
VII
IX
X
VIII
•Cervical
•and lumbar
enlargements
Dorsal
Ramus
Ventral
Ramus
Dorsal Root
ganglion
Dorsal
Root
Spinal nerve
Ventral
Root
Dorsal
Ramus
Dorsal
Root
Ventral
Ramus
Ventral
Root
Rami
Communicantes
The Cervical and Brachial Plexus
The Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses,
Right Atrium
•
Receives blood from 3 sources
–
•
•
•
Interatrial septum partitions the atria
Fossa ovalis is a remnant of the fetal
foramen ovale
Tricuspid valve
–
–
Right atrium
Interatrial septum
Tricuspid AV valve
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava
and coronary sinus
Blood flows through into right ventricle
has three cusps composed of dense CT
covered by endocardium
Papillary muscle
Chordae tendinae
Semilunar Valves
(pulmonary)
SA
node
Bundle of His
Bundle
branches
AV
node
Purkinje
fibers
20-16
Left
Common
Carotid
Brachiocephalic
Trunk
Left
Subclavian
Superior
Vena
Cava
Aortic Arch
Ascending
Aorta
Pericardium
Left
Common
Carotid
Left
Subclavian
Aortic Arch
Parietal
Pricardium
Diaphragm
Right Conus artery
Left coronary
artery
Left
Marginal
Artery & vein
Right coronary
artery
Anterior
Interventricular
Small cardiac
vein
Great
Cardiac
Vein
Right
Marginal
artery
Anterior
Interventricular
Green dots on veins
Great
Cardiac
Vein
Circumflex
artery
Posterior
Interventricular
Artery
(right & left)
Coronary
Sinus
Green dots on veins
vertebral
thyrocervical
suprascapular
thoracoacromial
Common
Carotid
subscapular
circumflex humeral
deep radial
brachial
radial collateral
ulnar collateral
brachial
ulnar
radial
Ulnar
collateral
Radial collateral
brachial
Common
interosseous
ulnar
radial
interosseous
Deep palmar arch
Superficial palmar arch
Digital arteries
posterior
auricular
superficial temporal
maxillary
occipital
internal
carotid
external
carotid
carotid
sinus
facial
lingual
superior
thyroid
Inferior
Vena Cava
Celiac
Superior
Mesenteric
Renal
Gonadal
Inferior
mesenteric
Common
Iliac
Left
Gastric
Hepatic
Proper
Common
Hepatic
Splenic
Splenic
Vein
Celiac
trunk
Inferior
Mesenteric
Left
Colic
Artery
Sigmoid
Superior
Rectal
Common iliac
External iliac
Internal iliac
Ascending br
Of Lateral circumflex
Lateral circumflex
Obturator
Deep femoral
Medial
circumflex
Descending br
Of Lateral circumflex
Femoral
Femoral
Deep Femoral
Genicular
Descending br
Of Lateral circumflex
Genicular
Arteries of the
Knee
Anterior
Tibial
Eustacian tube
With tubal tonsil
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
Thoracic
Aorta
Esophagus
Diaphragm
Liver
FUNDUS
BODY
PYLORIC REGION
PANCREAS
DUODENUM
Lesser
Omentum
Liver
Stomach
Gallbladder
Transverse
Colon
Ascending
Colon
Small
Intestine
Descending
Colon
Mesentery of
Small Intestine
Right & Left
Hepatic Ducts
Common
Hepatic
Duct
Pancreatic
Duct
Gallbladder
Cystic Duct
Ampulla of Vater
Common Bile Duct
Hepatic
Portal
Vein
Common
Bile
Duct
Splenic
Vein
Superior
Mesenteric
Vein
Inferior
Mesenteric
Vein
kidney
URETER
URETER
BLADDER
Renal Papilla
Minor
Calyx
Major
Calyx
Renal
Pyramid
Renal
Cortex
Renal
Pelvis
Renal
Medulla
URETER
Bladder
Rectum
Prostate
Prostatic
Urethra
Corpus
spongiosum
Membranous
Urethra
Spongy/
Penile
Urethra
Testes
Corpus
cavernosum
Glans
Penis
External
Urethral Orifice
Corpus
cavernosum
Spongy/
Penile
Urethra
Corpus
spongiosum
Vas Deferens
Spermatic
Cord
Epididymus
Testes
pampiniform
plexus
Vas
deferens
testicular artery
Epididymus
Seminiferous
Tubules
Tunica Albuginea
Tunica Vaginalis
-testis: develop internally near the kidneys and descend through the inguinal canal during the
latter half of the seventh month gestation
-covered by several protection membranes
1. tunica vaginalis – serous membrane derived from the peritoneum, forms during the descent
of the testes
-injury to the testes can cause an accumulation of fluid within the membrane =
hydrocele
-allows for easier movement of the testes within the scrotum
2. tunica albuginea – internal to the TV
-extends inward to divide the testes into lobules (200-300)
-each lobule contains 1 to 3 coiled seminiferous tubules for sperm production
Round
ligament
Broad
ligament
Fundus
Fornix
Body
Cervix
Bladder
Fundus
Ovary
Bladder
Fimbrae of
oviduct
Rectum
Fallopian
Tube
(oviduct)
Vaginal canal
Urethra
External urethral orifice
Labia minora
Labia majora
Vaginal orifice