Transcript INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY

MEDICAL
TERMINOLOGY
ANATOMY
Al Ma`arefa College
Objectives:
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


Describe the anatomical position of the body and
discuss its significance in the science of medicine
Describe anatomical planes of body
Explain why directional terms are relative and must
be used in reference to body structures or a body in
anatomical position.
Explain how anatomical terms are derived
ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY

ANATOMICAL POSITION

ANATOMICAL PLANES

ANATOMICAL ADJECTIVES
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ANATOMICAL MOVEMENTS
ANATOMIC POSITION
All structures are described and named with reference
to the anatomical position.
In the anatomical position, the body is
 Standing erect
 The eyes look straight to the front
 Face and palms of the hands directed forwards
 The upper limbs hang by the sides of trunk
 The lower limbs are parallel with the feet together
and the toes pointing forwards
ANATOMIC PLANES


Median Sagittal ( Midsagittal ) Plane: A vertical plane
passing between the anterior midline and posterior
midline, dividing the body into right & left halves.
Parasagittal ( Paramedian ) Plane: Any plane parallel
to median sagittal plane
ANATOMIC PLANES

coronal
 vertical,
perpendicular to
median

Horizontal
(transverse)
 parallel
to floor,
perpendicular to
median, coronal
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES
Are arranged as pairs of opposites
Anterior (Ventral ) &
Posterior (Dorsal )
 Anterior: Towards the
front of the body

Posterior: Towards the
back of the body
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES
Are arranged as pairs of opposites
Superior( Cranial ) &
Inferior (Caudal )
 Superior: Towards the
head

Inferior: Towards the
feet
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Proximal & Distal
 Proximal: Nearer the
trunk

Distal: Away from the
trunk
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Medial & Lateral
 Medial: Towards the
midline of the body

Lateral: Away from
the midline of the
body
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Superficial & Deep
 Superficial: Nearer
the surface of the
body

Profundus (Deep):
Away from the surface
of the body
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Central & Peripheral
 Central: Towards the
central axis of the
body

Peripheral: Away from
the central axis of the
body
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Ipsilateral & Contralateral
 Ipsilateral: Of the same side

Contralateral: Of the Opposite side
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Flexor Surface & Extensor Surface
 Flexor Surface: The anterior surface in the upper
limb and the posterior surface in the lower limb
 Extensor surface: The posterior surface in the upper
limb and the anterior surface in the lower limb
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Palmar & Dorsal
Surfaces of Hand
 Palmar Surface:
Anterior surface
 Dorsal Surface:
Posterior surface
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Planter & Dorsal Surfaces of Foot
 Planter Surface: Lower surface
 Dorsal Surface: Upper surface
ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS
Flexion & Extension
 Flexion: approximation
of flexor surface of the
adjoining parts and thus
reduces the angle of the
joint.
 Extension: approximation
of extensor surface of the
adjoining parts and thus
increases the angle of the
joint.
ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS
Abduction & Adduction
 Abduction: Moving
the part away from
the body

Adduction: Moving
the part towards the
body
ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.
Medial & Lateral
Rotation
 Medial Rotation:
Inwards rotation
 Lateral Rotation:
Outwards rotation
ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.
Circumduction:
Combination in
sequence of the
movements of
flexion, extension,
abduction and
adduction
ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.
Pronation & Supination of Forearm
 Pronation: Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is
turned backwards
 Supination: Rotation of the forearm so that the palm
is turned forwards
ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.
Dorsiflexion &
Planterflexion of Foot
 Dorsiflexion: Upward
flexion of the foot

Planterflexion:
Downward flexion of the
foot
ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.
Inversion and Eversion of
foot
 Inversion : movement of
the sole of foot in which
sole faces inwards or
medially

Eversion: movement of
the sole of foot in which
sole faces outwards or
laterally
Terms used to describing vessels
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Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Anastomosis
Term used for describing bony feature

Elevation
 Linear
elevation
 Sharp elevation
 Rounded or irregular elevation

Depressions
 Pit,


impression, fovea, fossa, groove, notch
Openings
Smooth articular surface
 Facet,
condyle, head, capitulum or trochlea
THANKS