Transcript Chapter 5 Skeletal System Part B

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation
by Patty Bostwick-Taylor,
Florence-Darlington Technical College
The Skeletal
System
5
PART B
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Bone Fractures
 Fracture—break in a bone
 Types of bone fractures
 Closed (simple) fracture—break that does not
penetrate the skin
 Open (compound) fracture—broken bone
penetrates through the skin
 Bone fractures are treated by reduction and
immobilization
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Common Types of Fractures
Table 5.2
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Repair of Bone Fractures
 Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed
 Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus
 Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus
 Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent
patch
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Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
Internal
callus
(fibrous
tissue and
cartilage)
External
callus
Bony
callus of
spongy
bone
New
blood
vessels
Healed
fracture
Spongy
bone
trabecula
Hematoma
formation
Fibrocartilage
callus formation
Bony callus
formation
Bone remodeling
Figure 5.5
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Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
Hematoma
formation
Figure 5.5, step 1
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Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External
callus
Internal
callus
(fibrous
tissue and
cartilage)
New
blood
vessels
Spongy
bone
trabecula
Hematoma
formation
Fibrocartilage
callus formation
Figure 5.5, step 2
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External
callus
Internal
callus
(fibrous
tissue and
cartilage)
Bony
callus of
spongy
bone
New
blood
vessels
Spongy
bone
trabecula
Hematoma
formation
Fibrocartilage
callus formation
Bony callus
formation
Figure 5.5, step 3
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
Internal
callus
(fibrous
tissue and
cartilage)
External
callus
Bony
callus of
spongy
bone
New
blood
vessels
Healed
fracture
Spongy
bone
trabecula
Hematoma
formation
Fibrocartilage
callus formation
Bony callus
formation
Bone remodeling
Figure 5.5, step 4
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The Axial Skeleton
 Forms the longitudinal axis of the body
 Divided into three parts
 Skull
 Vertebral column
 Bony thorax
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The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6a
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The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6b
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The Skull
 Formed by Two sets of bones
 Cranium – encloses & protects the brain
 Facial bones – hold eyes in anterior position &
allows facial muscles to show expressions
 All but 1 bone of the skull are joined by sutures
(interlocking, immovable joints)
 Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable
joint
 Skull Handout
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Human Skull, Lateral View
Figure 5.7
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a. Coronal suture
j. Parietal Bone
q. Temporal Bone
c. Lambdoid suture
Occipital
Bone r.
u.
d.
h.
p.Lacrimal
bone
f. Nasal bone
k. Zygomatic
L. Squamous Suture
t.
Zygomatic process
External Acoustic Meatus
m.
b.
n.
g.
Mastoid Process
i.
o.
Styloid process
Frontal bone
Sphenoid
bone
Ethmoid
bone
e.
Mandibular
ramus
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s.
bone
maxilla
Alveolar
margins
mandible
Mental
foramen
Human Skull, Superior View
Figure 5.8
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Bones and Markings of the Skull
(Use Book– Copy Definitions/Descriptions
 External Acoustic Meatus
 Optic Canal
 Styloid Process
 Superior Orbital Fissure
 Zygomatic Process
 Sphenoidal Sinuses
 Ethmoid Bone
 Mastoid Process
 Maxillary Bones
 Jugular Foramen
 Palatine Processes
 Internal Acoustic Meatus
 Paranasal Sinuses
 Carotid Canal
 Zygomatic Bones
 Occipital Bone
 Lacrimal Bones
 Lamboid Suture
 Foramen Magnum
 Sphenoid Bone
 Sella Turcica
 Nasal Bones
 Vomer Bone
 Mandible
 Hyoid
 Fontanels
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Cranium
 Composed of 8 large Flat Bones
 Frontal
 Ethmoid
 Right & Left Temporal
 Sphenoid
 Right & Left Parietal
 Occipital
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Cranium
 4 Major Sutures
 Sagittal – two parietal bones
 Coronal – parietals meet frontal bone
 Squamous – temporal meets parietal
 Lambdoid – occipital meets parietal
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Cranium (4 Lobes)
 Frontal Bone – forms the forehead
 superior part of each eye’s orbit
 Parietal Bone
 (paired bone)
 Meet in the midline of the skull @ the sagittal
suture
 Form the coronal suture; where they meet the
frontal bone
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Cranium
 Temporal Bone – (lie inferior to the parietal bone)
 Join parietal bones @ squamous sutures
5 important Bone Markings
1. External Acoustic Meatus – canal from eardrum to
the middle ear (sound
2. Styloid Process – attachment point for many neck
muscles
3. Zygomatic Process – Thin bridge of bone that joins
w/ zygomatic bone (anteriorly)
4. Mastoid Process – (air cavities) sinuses: attachment
of neck muscles
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Cranium
5. Jugular Foramen – junction of the occipital &
temporal bones
-- allows passage of the jugular vein (largest vein in
head); drains the brain
-- carotid canal – (is anterior to jugular foramen)
houses carotid artery which supplies blood to most of
brain
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Cranium
 Occipital Bone – posterior bone of cranium (back
of head)
 Joins parietal bones anteriorly @ lamboid
suture
 Home of “foramen magnum” (large hole) –
allows spinal chord to connect to the brain
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Human Skull, Inferior View
Figure 5.9
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Human Skull, Anterior View
Figure 5.11
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Facial Bones
 14 bones compose the face
 12 are paired
 Mandible & vomer are single
 Maxillary bones – fuse to form the upper jaw
 All facial bones except mandible join these
 Main bones of the face “keystone bones”
 Mandible
 Lower jaw
 Largest & strongest bone of face
 Palatine Bones – form posterior part of the hard plate
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Facial Bones
 Zygomatic Bones
 “cheekbones”
 Form portion of the lateral walls, orbits, eye
sockets
 Lacrimal Bone
 Fingernail size bones
 Groove which serves as passageway for tears
 Nasal Bone – form bridge of nose
 Vomer Bone – (plow)
 Forms the bony nasal septum
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Paranasal Sinuses
 Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal
cavity
 Functions of paranasal sinuses
 Lighten the skull
 Give resonance and amplification to voice
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Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 5.10a
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Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 5.10b
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The Hyoid Bone
 The only bone that does not articulate with
another bone
 Serves as a moveable base for the tongue
 Aids in swallowing and speech
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The Hyoid Bone
Figure 5.12
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