Transcript Ovary

Introduction
The organs:
- Paired of Ovaries (Gonads).
- paired of Uterine tube (oviduct).
- Uterus (metrium) .
- Vagina.
-Vestibule and Vulva.
* Reproductive track is surrounding by The
Peritoneum which form the Broad
Ligament.
ovary
- Ovary round in shape or oval ,may nodular.
- function:
- maturation of the female germ cells.
- hormone production .
- visceral peritoneal covering of the ovary called
superficial epithelium .
- tunica albuginia is a condensed connective tissue
underlying the epithelium of ovary .
Ovary
Ovary divide into
- Cortex :
- outer zone of the ovary .(opposite in mare ).
- composed of follicles ,corpora lutea,connective
tissue.
- Medulla:
- central area of ovary. opposite in mare ).
- contain blood vessels,nerves,lymphatics,smooth
muscles, and connective tissue.
- In bitch ,queen and mare ,ovary located caudal to the
kidney in the sublumbar region .
- Cow ,ewe, and sow at pelvic inlet.
- Ovulation fossa : its central depression in the mares
ovary where ovulation takes place.
Uterine tube
- or oviduct, fallopian tube .
- run from ovary to the tip of uterine horn.
- convey the oocyte or fertilized egg from ovary to the
uterus .
- site of fertilization .
- compose from :
- infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus.
- there are opening in the uterine tube open in the
center of the infundibulum, it only opening of
peritoneal cavity (not in male ).
- Fimbriae is
- irregular , finger-like projection on free edge of
infundibulum .
- it pick up the oocyte and direct it to the
infundibulum .
-infundibulum
is expanded ,funnel-shaped ovarian end
of the uterine tube .
Ovarian tube
Ovarian tube
- Ampulla:• Middle part .
• has large diameter compared to isthmus.
• Where the Fertilization process occurs .
- Isthmus:
* The part closet to Uterine Horn and connected to
it.
* Thicker than the Ampulla.
Ovarian tube
•
Tow Junction :
1. Ampullary-isthemaic Junction :
•
between the Ampulla's and the Isthmus.
2. Uterotubal Junction : (salpinogouterine)
•
between the Ampulla's and the Uterine Horn.
•
is Gradual in Ruminant and Pigs .
Uterine tube
Ovarian tube
-uterine horn :
-two musculomembranous extension of the uterine body .
-located entirely in the abdomen .
-Dogs and sow have very long horns compared to the body .-mare : short horns equal to the uterine body .
-cow and ewe :
*long horn and short body .
*end of the uterine horn are coiled up like ram horns
and continue back parallel to each other .
*there intercornual ligaments(dorsal and
ventral )giving false impression of a long uterine body .
Long horn and short body
short horns equal to the uterine body
dog
sow genitalia
have very long horns compared to the body
Uterus
- highly expanded tubular organ .
- where the embryo or fetus developed
- compose from :
- uterine horn .
- body.
- cervix.
- cervical canal .
.
Uterine Body
- between the cervix and uterine horns.
- open into uterine horns and cervix .
- lies dorsal to urinary bladder and ventral to the descending
colon and rectum .
Uterus - Functions
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Sperm transport
Nourish early embryo
Site of embryo implantation
Expulsion of fetus and fetal placenta
Secretion of PGF2α in absence of fetus
Bicornuate uterus : •
1.this type in Ruminant. •
2. have long Uterine horns
and small Uterine Body.
Cervix
- constricted caudal part of the uterus joining the
uterus to the vagina .
-usually located in pelvic cavity .
- have rings
cow: 3-4 rings .
dog: 5 rings .
ewe: 6-7 rings
Cervix – Function
-Isolates uterus and fetus from external environment
-Passage for sperm
-Sperm filter
-Sperm reservoir
Cervical canal
- Canal through cervix ,secrete mucous .
- have internal uterine ostium and external uterine
ostium .
- closed except during estrous and birth.
- in mare and dogs there a simple cervix bulging into
the vagina ( portio vaginalis ) form distinct vaginal
recess or fornix.
- in cow and ewe there very long cervix have
transverse folds called spiral fold to interdigitate.
- in sow ther a mound in canal called pulvini.
Cervix
spiral fold to interdigitate
Vagina
-between cervix and vulva .
-with vestibule and vulva form :
* female coupulatory organ .
*birth canal .
Hymen : vestigial ,mucosal fold at the junction of the vagina and the vestibule .
- Vaginal fornix (mare &sow):cranioventral recess
formed by cervix bulging into vagina , in cow and
ewe have craniodorsal recess.
-by vaginal smear we can determine the stage of estrous .
Vestibule
- common part between urinary and genital system
- connect vagina to the vulva .
in mare and bitch vagina there organized erectile venous plexuses in vestibular walls called vestibular
bulbs.
- vestibular gland : open in vestibule and lubricate the
reproductive organ .
- cow , queen, and ewe have major vestibular glands
called (glands of bartholin).
-bitch ,mare, (ewe), and sow have minor vestibular
glands.
-external urethral orifice :
the urethral opening at the vaginovestibular
junction.
- female urethra is a tube transporting urine from
urinary bladder to vestibule through external urethral
orifice.
- urethral muscle : skeletal muscle covering the
lateral and ventral sides of the urethra
- in dog open on a papilla called urethral tubercle.
- in sow and cow there suburethral diverticulum
which is a blind pocket cranial ? and ventral to the
external urethral opening .
Suburethral diverticulum of ruminant
Blood supply
Vulva
-The external orifice that terminate the genital tract .
Labia
-there right and left lips of the vulva .
-vulver cleft : opening between the labia leading into
vestibule .
- The Labia : tow Labia
1. Labia minora:
Inner folds , Small in ruminant .
2. Labia majora:
Outer folds , Externally
vulver cleft
Innervation
• Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
supply the genital tract.
• Innervations to the ovary by Sympathetic nerves
from the aortiocorenal plexuses .
• Innervations to the uterine tube by Sympathetic
nerves from the aortiocorenal plexuses .
• Innervations to the uterus by Sympathetic
innervation arrives via the right and left
Hypogastric n. which extend from the caudal
mesenteric plexus to the pelvic plexus.
Innervation
• Innervation to the Vulva:
– Autonomic innervation:
• Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves supply the
vulva, extend from the Pelvic Plexus.
– Somatic innervation
* pudendal and GenitoFemoral nerves provide somatic
sensory innervation to the Labia .
Clitoris
-homologue to male penis .
-located in the ventral commissure of the vulva .
-have left and right crura attached to ischiatic arch .
-two crura form body of clitoris .
-clitoris have glans which is the only exposed part .
-clitoris lies in clitoris fossa surrounded by clitoral
prepuce.
-os clitoris :a homologue os penis found in bitch .
Innervation
• Innervation to the Clitoris :
• the Dorsal nerve of the Clitoris (branch of
pudendal nerve ) provide somatic sensory
innervation .
Broad ligament
-fold of connecting peritoneum ,connecting the visceral
peritoneum of the female reproductive tract to the parietal
peritoneum of the abdominal wall.
-in cow is attached along the pelvic inlet ,not to the
dorsolateral abdominal wall.
Subdivided into : mesovarium, mesosalpinx, and mesometrium.
-mesovarium : cranial part of the broad ligament attaching the
ovary to the dorsolateral abdominal wall.
-blood supply to ovary travel through it .
-in dog : proper ligament of ovary which it the caudal
continuation of the mesovarium cranial free edge connecting
the ovary to the end of uterine horn .
-in dog there suspensory ligament of the ovary which
is the mesovarium s cranial free edge attaching the
ovary to the last rip.
-mesosalpinx : the lateral fold arising from the
mesovarium that hold the uterine tube between its two
layers .
-not attached directly to the abdominal wall.
-small slit found in mesosalpinx of dog but cover all
the ovary .
-in cow ,sow and mare it is less extensive ,just
draping over the ovary .
-mesovarium and mesosalpinx form small peritoneal
cavity into which projects the ovary called ovarian
bursa .
dog
* Mesometrium
- attaching the uterine horns and body to the
dorsolateral body wall .
- round ligament of the uterus : the caudal
continuation of the proper ligament of the ovary
,extends through the inguinal canal .
- Blood supply to uterus traveling through it .