Transcript the skeletal system

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
• Provides support to
hold us erect.
• Allows for movement
along with the
muscles.
• Protects the organs
• Formation of red
blood cells
(hematopoeisis)
• Stores minerals such
as calcium
BONES ARE CLASSIFIED
ACCORDING TO THEIR SHAPE
•
•
•
•
LONG
SHORT
FLAT
IRREGULAR
BONE COMPOSITION
•
•
•
•
Bone tissue
Cells
Fibers(collagen)
Matrix Material
(calcium salts)
BONE COMPOSITION
• 2/3 of living bone is
inorganic referring to
calcium salts that
makes bone hard
• 1/3 of living bone is
organic referring to
the cells and fibers
FLAT BONE
• 2 layers of compact
bone surrounding a
layer of spongy bone.
• Trabeculae Spicules
• Red Bone Marrow
• Periosteum
LONG BONES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Epiphysis
Dyaphysis
Metaphysis
Medullary canal
Yellow bone marrow
Articular cartilage
Nutritive Foramen
SKELETAL DIVISIONS
• AXIAL SKELETON
• APPENDICULAR
SKELETON
AXIAL SKELETON
• SKULL/FACE
• RIBS/STERNUM
• VERTEBRAL
COLUMN
• 80 bones
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• PECTORAL
GIRDLE
• PELVIC
GIRDLE
AXIAL SKELETON
• Craniuma. Frontal
b. Parietals
c. Occipital
d. Temporals
e. Ethnoid
f. Sphenoid
AXIAL SKELETON
• FACIAL BONES
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Nasal
Orbitals
Zygomatics
Maxilla
Mandible
Hyoid
AXIAL SKELETON
• VERTEBRAL COLUMN
a. Cervicals (7)
atlas/axis
b. Thoracics (12)
c. Lumbars (5)
d. Sacrum
e. Coccyx
f. Ribs
g. Sternum (manubrium,
body, xyphoid process)
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• Pectoral Girdle/Arms
a. Clavicle
b. Scapula
c. Humerus
d. Radius
e. Ulna
f. Carpals
g. Metacarpals
h. Phallanges
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• PELVIC GIRDLE
a. Ilium
b. Ischium
c. Pubic (pubic symphosis)
d. Femur
e. Patella
f. Tibia
g. Fibula
h. Tarsals
i. Metatarsals
j. Phallanges
k. Calcaneous
ANATOMICAL TERMS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Anatomical Position
Prone
Supine
Caudal
Cephalic
Dorsal
Ventral
Proximal
Distal
Medial
Lateral
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Superior
Inferior
External
Internal
Deep
Superficial
Abduction
Adduction
Flexion
Extension
Rotation
Continued
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Foramen
Foramen Magnum
Fossa
Fontanel
Arm
Forearm
Thigh
Leg
OSSIFICATION
• Ossification
• Oste• Osteoblast
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
BONE DEVELOPMENT
•
•
•
•
Supply of minerals
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Parathyroid
Hormone
• Thyrocalcitonin
Hormone
DISORDERS OF THE SKELETON
• KYPHOSIS
• LORDOSIS
• SCOLIOSIS
DISORDERS OF THE SKELETON
• RICKETS
• SCURVY
DISORDERS OF THE SKELETON
• OSTEOPOROSIS
• OSTEOMALACIA
• FOP
DISORDERS OF THE SKELETON
• DISLOCATION
• SIMPLE FRACTURE
• COMPOUND
FRACTURE
REPAIRS TO THE SKELETON
• ARTHROPLASTY
• ARTHROSCOPIC
SURGERY
JOINT
• SUTURES
• SYNOVIAL JOINT
• SYNOVIAL FLUID