Axilla and Brachial Plexus - University of Kansas Medical
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Transcript Axilla and Brachial Plexus - University of Kansas Medical
Axilla and Brachial Plexus
Boundaries of Base of Axilla
Anterior:
Pectoralis major muscle
Posterior:
Latissimus dorsi muscle
Medial:
Thoracic wall
Lateral:
Humerus
Boundaries of Apex of Axilla
Anterior:
Clavicle
Posterior:
Superior border of the scapula
Medial:
First rib
Contents of Axilla
Great vessels:
Axillary vein and artery
Cephalic vein and basilic vein
Axillary lymph nodes
Nerves:
Long thoracic nerve
Cords of brachial plexus
Proximal ends of terminal nerves of brachial
plexus
Origin of Brachial Plexus
Ventral rami of C5 – T1:
Exit neck between scalenus anterior and
scalenus medius muscles.
Direct branches from rami:
Dorsal scapular nerve
C5
To rhomboid muscles
Long thoracic nerve
C5-7
To serratus anterior muscle
Trunks of Brachial Plexus
Formed by ventral rami.
Located superior to clavicle above and
behind subclavian artery.
Superior (upper)
From C5 and C6 ventral rami
Trunks of Brachial Plexus
Middle:
From C7 ventral ramus
Inferior (lower):
From C8 and T1 ventral rami
Trunks of Brachial Plexus
Direct branches from trunks:
From Superior Trunk:
Suprascapular nerve
C5,C6
To supraspinatus and infraspinatus
muscles
Nerve to subclavius
Divisions of Brachial Plexus
Anterior divisions:
Carry fibers from trunks to anterior
compartments of upper extremity.
Form lateral and medial cords
Posterior Divisions:
Carry fibers from trunks to posterior
compartments of upper extremity.
Form posterior cord.
Cords of Brachial Plexus
Formed from divisions.
Accompany axillary artery.
Cords of Brachial Plexus
Named for relationship to artery.
Lateral:
From anterior divisions of upper and middle
trunks.
Posterior:
From posterior divisions of all trunks.
Medial:
From anterior divisions of lower trunk.
Lateral Cord
Direct branches:
Lateral pectoral nerve:
C5-7
To clavicular head of pectoralis major muscle
Terminal nerves:
Musculocutaneous:
C5-7
Lateral root of median nerve:
C5-7
Medial Cord: Direct Branches
Medial pectoral nerve:
C8-T1
To sternal head of pectoralis major muscle
and pectoralis minor muscle.
Medial cutaneous nerve to arm (brachium)
Medial cutaneous nerve to forearm
(antebrachium)
Medial Cord: Terminal Nerves
Ulnar
C8-T1
Medial root of median nerve
C8-T1
Posterior Cord Direct Branches
Upper subscapular nerve:
C5-6
To subscapularis muscle
Thoracodorsal nerve:
C6-7
To latissimus dorsi muscle
Lower subscapular nerve:
C5-6
To subscapularis and teres major muscles
Posterior Cord Terminal Nerves
Axillary nerve:
C5-6
Motor:
To deltoid and teres minor muscles.
Sensory:
Skin on arm over deltoid muscle:
Upper lateral cutaneous nerve
Posterior Cord Terminal Nerves
Radial nerve:
C5-T1
Motor:
Posterior compartments of arm and forearm.
Brachioradialis muscle
Sensory:
Back of arm, forearm, hand