Transcript Slide 1
Brain Impractical Uno Gross Brain Structures Compiled by MF Dauzvardis Cerebellum Covers the fourth ventricle, responsible for the initiation and planning of movement, cerebellar signs are ipsilateral, midline lobe is called vermis, highly crenated cortex is called “arbor vitae”, key cells = pyramidal, granular, and molecular Pineal Secretes melatonin, seat of the soul, biological clock?, third eye in some fishes and amphibians. Medulla Just rostral to cervical cord, contains critical breathing centers, fed by vertebral and pica arteries (lateral wallenberg syndrome when pica is blocked) Pons “bridge” Covered largely by the 4th ventricle and the cerebellum. Fed in part by the basilar artery, Many cortical pontine fibers end in the pontine gray nuclei which in turn project to the cerebellum via the MCP Midbrain Key features: cerebral peduncles, aqueduct of Sylvius, substantia nigra, tectum (inferior and superior colliculi) red nucleus, CN III, IV Fourth ventricle Contains csf, choroid plexuses, foramen luscka(lateral) and magendie(medial) lead to cisterna magna and subarachnoid space. CSF leaves midbrain via aqueduct of Silvius Aqueduct of Silvius Connects 4th ventricle to 3rd ventricle, obstruction can lead to hydrocephaly, surrounded by periaqueductal gray (PAG)—related to pain 3rd ventricle Filled with CSF, sits between thalami and enters hypothalamus, connects to lateral ventricles via foremen of monroe, contains some choroid and also the stria medullaris thalami which connect habenula to septal nuclei Tectum Consists of superior and inferior colliculi, don’t forget SLO-AIM Medulla Just rostral to cervical cord, contains critical breathing centers, fed by vertebral and pica arteries (lateral wallenberg syndrome when pica is blocked) Pons “bridge” Covered largely by the 4th ventricle and the cerebellum. Fed in part by the basilar artery, Many cortical pontine fibers end in the pontine gray nuclei which in turn project to the cerebellum via the MCP Midbrain Key features: cerebral peduncles, aqueduct of Sylvius, substantia nigra, tectum (inferior and superior colliculi) red nucleus, CN III, IV Cerebellum Covers the fourth ventricle, responsible for the initiation and planning of movement, cerebellar sighs are ipsilateral, midline lobe is called vermis, highly lobulated cortex is called “arbor vitae”, key cells = pyramidal, granular, and molecular 4th ventricle Contains csf, choroid plexuses, foramen luska(lateral) and magendi(medial) lead to cisterna magna and subarachnoid space. CSF leaves midbrain via aqueduct of Silvius Aqueduct Connects 4th ventricle to 3rd ventricle, obstruction can lead to hydrocephaly, surrounded by periaqueductal gray (PAG)—related to pain 3rd ventricle Filled with CSF, sits between thalami and enters hypothalamus, connects to lateral ventricles via foremen of monroe, contains some choroid and also the stria medullaris thalami which connect habenula to septal nuclei Tectum Consists of superior and inferior colliculi, don’t forget SLO-AIM Medulla Pons Midbrain, interpeducular fossa Cerebellum Temporal lobe mammillary bodies optic chiasm Pia mater I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX, X, XI Location of XII, between pyramid and olive Blood vessels, MCA Flocculus Cerebellum (vermis) Floor of 4th ventricle Cerebellar peducles Superior (brachium conjunctivum), Middle (brachium pontis), Inferior (restiform body) Superior and inferior colliculi Slo-aim--------superior colliculi, lat geniculate, optic stuff-------auditory stuff, inf colliculus,med geniculate, Pineal Thalami Major relay station for sensory information Lateral geniculate for visual relay Area of medial geniculate, relay for audition Area of vestibular nuclei—remember inferior vestibular nucleus is “peppered” Pulvinar nucleus of thalamus Obex—opening of central canal into 4th ventricle Cerebral peduncle—connects cerebrum to brainstem—mainly descending motor fibers. Rostrally it turns into the internal capsule Brachium(arm) of the superior colliculus Brachium of the inferior colliculus 3rd ventricle Genu of corpus collosum Anterior limb of internal capsule Genu of internal capsule Posterior limb of internal capsule Splenium of corpus collosum Visual cortex Head of caudate Putamen Globus pallidus Insula Thalamus Columns of fornix— hippocampus to mammilary bodies