Gross Anatomy
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Transcript Gross Anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Skull and brain
1/21/10
Identify the Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Identify the Landmark
Supraorbital Notch
(Foramen)
Infraorbital Foramen
Mental Foramen
Identify the Bone
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Occipital
Maxilla
Mandible
“PEST OF 6”
Parietal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Temporal
Occipital
Frontal
Identify the Landmark
Temporal Process
(Zygomatic Bone)
Zygomatic Process
(Temporal Bone)
Condylar Process
(Mandible)
Coronoid Process
(Mandible)
Ramus of the
Mandible
External Auditory
Meatus
External Occipital
Protuberance
Mental Foramen
Mastoid Process
Styloid Process
Identify the Bone
Frontal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Identify the Landmark
Optic Canal
Crista Galli
Lesser Wing
of the Sphenoid
Cribiform plate
Greater Wing
of the Sphenoid
Foramen Ovale
Foramen Spinosum
Foramen Lacerum
Carotid Canal
Jugular Foramen
Hypoglossal Canal
Foramen Magnum
More Foramina (and what runs through them)
Optic Canal
•Optic Nerve (II)
•Ophthalmic artery
Foramen Ovale
•Mandibular Nerve (V3)
•Accessory meningeal artery
Foramen Spinosum
•Middle meningeal artery
Carotid Canal
•Internal carotid artery
•Internal carotid nerve plexus
Jugular Foramen
•Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
•Vagus Nerve (X)
•Accessory Nerve (XI)
•Sigmoid sinus
•Posterior Meningeal Artery
Hypoglossal Canal
•Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Things we didn’t see yet…
Superior Orbital Fissure
Oculumotor nerve (III),
Trochlear nerve (IV),
Ophthalmic nerve (V1),
Abducens nerve (VI),
Superior ophthalmic vein
Foramen Rotundum
Maxillary nerve (V2)
Internal Auditory Meatus
Facial nerve (VII),
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII),
Labyrinthine artery
SOF
FR
IAM
OVALE:
Otic ganglion (just inferior)
V3 cranial nerve
Accessory meningeal artery
Lesser petrosal nerve
Emissary veins
Identify the Structure
Cingulate Gyrus
Corpus Callosum Fornix
Central Sulcus
ParietoOccipital
Sulcus
Septum
Pellucidum
Anterior
Commisure
Identify the Structure
Cingulate Gyrus
Corpus Callosum Fornix
Central Sulcus
ParietoOccipital
Sulcus
Pineal Body
Septum
Pellucidum
Anterior
Commisure
Massa Intermedia
Fourth Ventricle
Hypophysial
Stalk
Mammillary
Body
Identify the Structure
Primary Fissure
Nodule
Tonsil
Cranial nerves
Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Hypoglossal (XII)
Accessory (XI)
Mnemotechnics on cranial nerves
"On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops":
From I to XII:
Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Auditory [or Vestibulocochlear]
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory [or Spinal root of the accessory]
Hypoglossal
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Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Abducens (VI)
Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
& Vagus (X)
Hypoglossal (XII)
Cranial nerves: sensory, motor or both
"Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter
More"
From I to XII:
Sensory
Sensory
Motor
Motor
Both
Motor
Both
Sensory
Both
Both
Motor
Motor
Name the Function!
Olfactory (I)- smell
Optic (II)- sight
Oculomotor (III)- eyelid & eyeball movement
Trochlear (IV)- turns eye down/out (sup. obl.)
Trigeminal (V)- chewing, face touch and pain
Abducens (VI)- turns eye laterally (lat. rectus)
Facial (VII)- controls most facial expressions,
tears and saliva, taste (ant. 2/3)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)- hearing, equilibrium
Glossopharyngeal (IX)- taste (post. 1/3),
senses carotid BP
Vagus (X)- senses aortic BP, slows heart
rate, stimulates digestive organs
taste
Hypoglossal (XII)- controls tongue movement
Cavernous sinus content
O TOM CAT:
O TOM are lateral wall
components, in order from
superior to inferior.
CA are the components within
the sinus, from medial to lateral.
CA ends at the level of T from O
TOM.
See diagram.
Occulomotor nerve (III)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Maxillary nerve (V2)
Carotid artery
Abducent nerve (VI)
T: When written, connects to the
T of OTOM
Name the Function!
Accessory (XI)controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
Question
Which structure carries
fibers with motor and
sensory information
from the cortex?
A.
B.
C.
B
A
C
Answer
Which structure carries
fibers with motor and
sensory information
from the cortex?
A.
B.
C.
B
A
C
Question
During a rare and complicated surgery, a doctor
accidentally drops a jelly bean into the patient’s
skull, where it becomes lodged in the marked
structure. Which of the following symptoms will
the patient display?
A. Difficulty swallowing
B. Difficulty chewing
C. Drifting of eyes inward
D. Partial loss of vision
E. Diarrhea
Answer
During a rare and complicated surgery, a doctor
accidentally drops a jelly bean into the patient’s
skull, where it becomes lodged in the marked
structure. Which of the following symptoms will
the patient display?
A. Difficulty swallowing
B. Difficulty chewing
C. Drifting of eyes inward
D. Partial loss of vision
E. Diarrhea
Question
During another procedure, the same careless
doctor accidentally transects the nerve running
through the marked hole. Which of the following
symptoms will the patient display?
A. Partial loss of taste
sensation
B. Tongue deviates left
C. Tongue deviates right
D. Left shoulder drop
E. Right shoulder drop
F. Diarrhea
Answer
During another procedure, the same careless
doctor accidentally transects the nerve running
through the marked hole. Which of the following
symptoms will the patient display?
A. Partial loss of taste
sensation
B. Tongue deviates left
C. Tongue deviates right
D. Left shoulder drop
E. Right shoulder drop
F. Diarrhea
Question
During a routine chin lift, Dr. 90210 accidentally
transects the marked nerve. What symptom will
his droopy-chinned patient have?
A. Difficulty chewing
B. Difficulty swallowing
C. Tongue deviation
D. Shoulder weakness
E. Diarrhea
Answer
During a routine chin lift, Dr. 90210 accidentally
transects the marked nerve. What symptom will
his droopy-chinned patient have?
A. Difficulty chewing
B. Difficulty swallowing
C. Tongue deviation
D. Shoulder weakness
E. Diarrhea
Question
Dr. Garner needs a picture in order to illustrate a
nerve lesion during her lecture. She finds a
student asleep and severs the indicated nerve.
What sign did she need to take a picture of?
A. Right-sided medial eye deviation
B. Left-sided medial eye deviation
C. Right-sided drooping
eyelid
D. Left-sided drooping
eyelid
E. Lower face paralysis
Answer
Dr. Garner needs a picture in order to illustrate a
nerve lesion during her lecture. She finds a
student asleep and severs the indicated nerve.
What sign did she need to take a picture of?
A. Right-sided medial eye deviation
B. Left-sided medial eye deviation
C. Right-sided drooping
eyelid
D. Left-sided drooping
eyelid
E. Lower face paralysis
Question
What is the gross brain structure indicated by
the arrow?
A. Caudate nucleus
B. Globus Pallidus
C. Hippocampus
D. Putamen
E. Thalamus
Answer
What is the gross brain structure indicated by
the arrow?
A. Caudate nucleus
B. Globus Pallidus
C. Hippocampus
D. Putamen
E. Thalamus
Question
From whence do most of the neurons in the
marked structure come?
A. Left red nucleus
B. Right red nucleus
C. Left pontine nuclei
D. Right pontine nuclei
E. Left lower limb
F. Right lower limb
G. Left fastigial nucleus
H. Right fastigial nucleus
Answer
From whence do most of the neurons in the
marked structure come?
A. Left red nucleus
B. Right red nucleus
C. Left pontine nuclei
D. Right pontine nuclei
E. Left lower limb
F. Right lower limb
G. Left fastigial nucleus
H. Right fastigial nucleus
Question
Which lobe of the cerebrum sits in the region of
the skull shown?
A. Frontal
B. Parietal
C. Temporal
D. Occipital
Answer
Which lobe of the cerebrum sits in the region of
the skull shown?
A. Frontal
B. Parietal
C. Temporal
D. Occipital