Transcript Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Forearm and Elbow Forearm • Bones – ______________ • Lateral – _____________ • Medial • Joints – Wrist • ___________ – Elbow • ___________ Radius Anatomy Distal • ______________ – Distal conical projection • ______________ – Depression for head of Ulna • Body (Shaft) Radius Anatomy Proximal • Radial _____________ – Biceps tendon attachment • Neck • Head – Circular _______________ Ulna Anatomy Distal • ____________ – Distal Conical projection • Head • Body (Shaft) Ulna Anatomy Proximal • ______________ – Depression for radial head • ___________ Process – Distal portion of elbow cup • ____________ tubercle – Opposite to radial notch off coronoid process Ulna Anatomy Proximal • _____________Notch – Depression making up the elbow with the humerus • ______________ – Proximal portion of elbow cup Forearm Imaging Routine • • • • AP Lateral 40”SID 60+ kV AP Forearm • Have patient sit so when ___________it is ______ with the table • __________ hand • Align ____________with IR • Center to mid forearm. Collimate laterally to skin • Make sure _____________are included Lateral Forearm • • • • • • Flex ____________ Align ________________to IR Sit pt. so _______________with the table Make sure ___________are on the IR Center to mid forearm Collimate to skin Elbow • Bones – Distal __________ – Proximal ________ – Proximal ________ • Ginglymus (Hinge) Joint Distal Humerus Medial Condyle • Trochlea – Medial ________________ – Articulates with Ulna • ________________ – Trochlear _________ • Depressed center groove Distal Humerus Lateral Condyle • Capitulum – Lateral ___________ – Articulates with Radius • _______ Epicondyles • Lateral ____________ – Lateral projection superior to __________ • Medial ____________ – Medial projection superior to _________ – Larger than lateral Elbow Fossa Distal Humerus • Anterior – _________________ • When elbow is flexed radial head “slides” into. – _________________ • When elbow is flexed coronoid process “slides” into. • Posterior – _________________ • When elbow is extended olecranon process “slides” into Fat Pads • ______________ Pads of fat – Can be indicator of _________ such as fx if ________________ • Located in the Wrist and Elbow Wrist Fat Pads • Scaphoid Fat Pad – Seen on _____________ – Just lateral to ____________to radius • Pronator Fat Pad – Seen on _________ – Anterior to __________ Elbow Fat Pads • Anterior Fat Pad – Seen on ____________ – Anterior to distal Humerus • _____________Fat Pad – Generally ______________radiograph – Deep within olecranon fossa • _______________ Fat Pad – Seen on lateral – Anterior to radius Elbow Imaging Routine • • • • • • AP Lateral Internal Oblique External Oblique 40” SID 65+ kVp AP Elbow • Supinate Hand and ___________ • Sit patient so when arm is extended it is ___________ • Align ____________with cassette • Center to mid elbow • Collimate to skin Lateral Elbow • Flex elbow _______and position wrist into ___________ • Sit pt so when bent arm is extended, ____________with the table • Center to mid elbow • Collimate to elbow joint • Epicondyles should be superimposed. Internal Oblique Elbow • • • • • Extend arm as in AP Pt arm should be level with table Pronate hand Epicondyles ____________ Center to mid elbow. Collimate to skin • Done for ________________process External Oblique Elbow • • • • • Extend arm as in AP Pt arm should be level with table Lean pt laterally and rotate arm Epicondyles ____________ Center at mid elbow. Collimate to skin • Done for _________________