Transcript Slide 1
Homeostasis Homeostasis = maintaining stable internal conditions “Dynamic state of equilibrium” means that internal conditions change and vary, but are maintained within a narrow range of limits. For Example: The body must maintain an adequate amount of blood. Homeo = same Stasis = standing still Homeostasis Homeostatic Control Mechanisms Communication is essential to homeostasis. Brrrr! I’m shivering! Chief systems involved: Nervous system Endocrine system The factor or event being regulated is called the “variable.” lloydi.com Homeostatic Control Mechanisms Homeostasis Three main components of a Homeostatic Mechanism: Stimulus Receptor www.wmo.ch Homeostatic Control Mechanism Effector Effector Control Center Homeostatic Control Mechanisms Homeostasis Feedback = causes a response to increase or decrease. Positive Feedback Negative Feedback Pushes the response farther. More rare in the body. Reduces the response. More common in the body. Examples: Blood clotting Birthing contractions Examples: Body temperature Breathing rate Blood pressure Homeostasis Homeostatic Imbalance As we age, our body systems become less efficient, and our internal conditions less stable. In your textbook… This symbol indicates a homeostatic imbalance section. healthcarefinancials.files.wordpress.com The Language of Anatomy Anatomical Position = the standard position used when referring to anatomical parts of the body. 1. Body is standing erect. 2. Arms are hanging down at sides. 3. Palms are held forward with thumbs out. The Language of Anatomy Superior Superior = Towards the head end. Ex. The neck is superior to the shoulders. The Language of Anatomy Inferior : Towards the feet end. Ex. The knees are inferior to the thighs. Inferior The Language of Anatomy Anterior (Ventral) : anterior Towards the front. Ex. The breastbone is anterior to the spine. static-p3.fotolia.com The Language of Anatomy Posterior (Dorsal) : posterior Towards the back. Ex. The heart is posterior to the breastbone. static-p3.fotolia.com The Language of Anatomy Medial : Toward the midline. medial Ex. The breastbone is medial to the arm. tpub.com The Language of Anatomy Lateral : Away from the midline. lateral lateral Ex. The arms are lateral to the chest. tpub.com The Language of Anatomy Intermediate : Between a more medial and a more lateral structure. Ex. The armpit is intermediate between the breast bone and the shoulder. tpub.com The Language of Anatomy Close to the origin of the body (or the point of attachment of a limb). proximal Proximal : Ex. The elbow is proximal to the wrist (meaning the elbow is closer to the arm’s point of attachment than the wrist). tpub.com The Language of Anatomy Distal : distal distal Farther from the origin of the body (or the point of attachment of a limb). Ex. The ankle is distal to the knee (meaning the ankle is farther from the point of attachment than the knee). distal tpub.com The Language of Anatomy Superficial : Toward or at the body surface. Ex. The skin is superficial to the skeleton. superficial A “superficial” wound is usually one that is not deep. squarehe.com tpub.com The Language of Anatomy Deep: More internal or away from the body surface. Ex. The lungs are deep to the rib cage. deep wocn.confex.com tpub.com The Language of Anatomy Anterior Body Landmarks Let’s ID the facial landmarks first! Now let’s ID the main body landmarks! Now let’s ID the outer body landmarks! Now let’s ID the lower body landmarks! Nasal Oral Cervical Acromial Thoracic Brachial Antecubital Abdominal Umbilical Carpal Digital Pubic Patellar Crural (leg) Tarsal Orbital Buccal Sternal Axillary Pelvic Coxal Inquinal Femoral Fibular tpub.com The Language of Anatomy Posterior Body Landmarks Cephalic Occipital Deltoid Scapular Vertebral Lumbar Sacral Gluteal Femoral Popliteal Sural mhhe.com The Language of Anatomy Body Planes and Sections Frontal = lengthwise or longitudinal… Divides into anterior and posterior. Saggital = lengthwise or longitudinal… Divides into left and right. Section = refers to a “cut” through the body. Transverse = Horizontal… Divides into superior and inferior. Plane = refers to a section made through the body wall or an organ. www.cpd-istotalcpdltd.co.uk Examples of Body Planes and Sections: www3.americanradiology.com www.nlm.nih.gov www.nlm.nih.gov Examples of Body Planes and Sections: www.cypruschiropractic.org sinusinfocenter.com www.sgsu.co.uk Examples of Body Planes and Sections: www.sciencelearn.org.nz www.briankaneonline.com DE Body Atlas: CAT Scans The Language of Anatomy Body Cavities Thoracic Cavity Diaphragm Abdominal Cavity Pelvic Cavity http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter1/labeling_exercises.html# Abdominopelvic Cavity Dorsal Body Cavity Dorsal Body Cavity Spinal Cavity Ventral Body Cavity Cranial Cavity anatomycorner.com The Language of Anatomy Homeostatic Imbalance What cavity is most at risk? The abdominopelvic… cafeketban.net …because it is only protected with muscle (no bones). www.ci.vallejo.ca.us Divisions of the Abdominopelvic cavity: Assignment: TXT pg 20 Questions #1-5 ADAM Key Terms/Roots pg 2-5 SP (Study Partner) (Study Partner is located at http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2002_general/Esp/default.htm Levels of Organization Introduction Structure & Function Life Characteristics Human Organization Homeostasis Anatomical Planes Directional Terms Body Organization Additional Activities Quiz