Transcript Appendicular Skeleton Notes

ANATOMY
Appendicular
Skeleton
Lecture Notes
LATIN TERMS
Odon = tooth
Vert = turn; joint
Pect = breast
Endo = within
Pelv= basin
Sutur= seam
Epi= upon
Lamina = thin
plate
/ Fibula
TARSALS
PHALANGES
HUMERUS
PHALANGES
SUPERIOR
LATERAL
MEDIAL
INFERIOR
 Clavicles are “S”
shaped bones that
originate at the
superior lateral
border of the
manubrium of the
sternum (jugular
notches)
 Scapulas are flat
bones located at
the posterior
lateral portion of
the body.
Brachium and Antebrachium
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Brachium = Upper Limb
30 bones per limb
Brachium contains the humerus
Antebrachium or forearm contains the radius &
ulna (radius on thumb side)
Carpus or wrist contains 8 small bones arranged in
two rows
Manus or hand contains 19 bones in 2 groups
– 5 metacarpals in the palm
– 14 phalanges in the fingers
Upper Limbs:
(Brachium)
Humerus is a long bone
that extends from the
scapula to the elbow.
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 The superior round
portion that articulates
with the scapula is known
as the head
Be able to identify the
greater and lesser
tubercles…PAGE 242 in
AP book. Important site
for muscle attachment
Any blow to the ulnar
nerve will send a sensation
known as a funny bone 
BONES OF THE
FOREARM
(Antebrachium)
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The humerus articulates
with the radius and ulna at a
location known as the
condyle
Ulna is a long bone that is
medial to the radius.
The olecranon process is
the superior end of the ulna
and is the point of the elbow
Radius is the lateral bone
of the forearm
PAGE 243 in AP book
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V
IV
I
III II
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CARPAL BONES
The carpus is the wrist
containing 8 carpal short bones
Is this diagram showing
correct anatomical
positioning????
Metacarpals are short bones that
articulate with the distal carpal
bones to support the hand
Roman numerals are used to
identify the metacarpals from
lateral to medial
Phalanges (14 finger bones) that
articulate distally to the
metacarpal bones
Thumb is known as the pollex
Checking for understanding!
Skeleton worksheet: Color the axial and
appendicular skeleton and then identify ALL
the bones of the ENTIRE skeleton.
 Use pages 207 and 239 in the A & P book.
 Colored pencils can be found in the back of
the room.
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THE PELVIC GIRDLE aka
Ossa Coxae
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Ilium
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Ischium
Pubis
Pubic
symphysis
made of
cartilage
Comparison of Male & Female
Female: less massive, shallower pubic arch greater than 100
degrees, and pelvic inlet round or oval
 Male: heavier, upper pelvis nearly vertical, coccyx more
vertical, and pelvic inlet heart-shaped, outlet smaller
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HINT:
Woman’s
pelvis must
be larger to
allow for
childbirth.
LOWER LIMBS
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FEMUR
pg 250
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Longest and
heaviest bone in the
body
Head
Neck
CONDYLE
Shaft
Greater Trochanter
A triangular
Sesamoid
bone
Enclosed
within the
tendons
Guards the
knee joint
Tibia and Fibula
 Tibia- Large medial bone
that articulates with the
condyles of the femur
and helps support weight
 Tibia= shinbone
 Fibula - Parallels the
lateral border of the tibia
and aids in moving the
foot and toes
Tarsals, MetaTarsals and phalanges
Tarsals= ankle and heel
 Heel= Calcaneus
 Metatarsals=middle of
the foot and Roman
numerals are used to
identify the metatarsals
from medial to
lateral….this is opposite
than the metacarpals
 Phalanges- 14 toe bones,
the great toe #1 has 2
phalanges and the other
4 toes have 3 phalanges
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II
III
IV
V
I
HUMAN
ANATOMY
JOINTS
(aka…
articulations)
LATIN TERMS that you will find very
helpful in remembering JOINTS!
Arthros = joint
 Syn = together
 Amphi = both sides
 Dia = through
 Planta = sole
 In = into
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Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis (synovial joints)
 Use pg. 268 in
your book to
identify the
various types
of joints and
and examples
per the human
body!
Dislocation (luxation)
– Articulating bones are forced out
of position by extreme stress
– Can cause damage to cartilage,
ligaments or distort the joint
cavity
 Subluxation
– Partial dislocation
– Less severe
– “double-jointed” persons more
likely to suffer subluxation
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Pg. 263-267
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Gliding
– 2 surfaces slide past
each other
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Circumduction
Rotation
Flexion/extension
Supination/pronation
Opposition
LABEL THE
PICTURES ON YOUR
HANDOUT
Pg. 263-267
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Inversion/eversion
Retraction/protraction
Depression/elevation
Dorsiflexion/plantar
flexion
Lateral flexion
Abduction/adduction
THE END
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Choose ONE of the following terms to “graffiti” on the
blank piece of paper:
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Appendicular Skeleton
Joints
Pectoral Girdle
Pelvic Girdle
Carpal Bones
Tarsal Bones
Dislocation
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On the back, explain what each letter is and how it relates
to the term you chose.
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Make your graffiti COLORFUL & CREATIVE!!!