Transcript Elbow_Joint_chp_10

Elbow Joint
Elbow Anatomy
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Elbow joint is made of
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3 bones
2 joints
One capsule
Hinge joint
Flexion(145) and extension
Elbow Anatomy
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Elbow joint- where the radius and ulna
articulate with the humerus.
Flexion and extension-hinge joint
Elbow Anatomy
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Radialulnar joint- where the radius
and ulna articulate.
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How many of this joint are there???
Elbow Anatomy
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Radioulnar joint is a pivot joint.
It allows supination and pronation.
Elbow Anatomy
The ulna does not move.
 The radius moves around the ulna.
 The ulna is locked in place by the
proximal end at the olecranon
process.
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Elbow Anatomy
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Infraglenoid tubercleinferior lip of the glenoid
fossa, where the long
head of triceps
attaches.
Elbow Anatomy
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Supraglenoid tubercle- superior portion
of the glenoid fossa. Where the long
head of biceps attaches.
Elbow Anatomy
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Capitulum- lateral side of joint, it
articulates with the radius.
Elbow Anatomy
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Medial epicondyle- medial side of
humerus at distal end just above
trochlea. Pronator teres attachment.
Elbow Anatomy
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Lateral epicondyle- located on lateral
side of distal end above capitulum.
Anconeus and supinator attach.
Elbow Anatomy
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Olecranon fossa- posterior surface of
the humerus between the medial and
lateral epicondyles.
Elbow Anatomy
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Olecranon process- proximal end of
ulna, on posterior surface. The point
of elbow where triceps attaches.
Elbow Anatomy
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Trochlea- located on the medial side of
the distal end of the humerus.
Articulates with ulna.
Elbow Anatomy
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Coronoid Process- just below the
trochlear notch and next to the radial
notch. Attachment for brachilis.
Elbow Anatomy
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Styloid Process- distal end of the
lateral/medial surface at the ulna or
radius.
Elbow Anatomy
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Ulnar head- distal end on the lateral
surface, radial head pronates around
it.
Elbow Anatomy
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Radial head- proximal end, where it
articulates with the capitulum.
Elbow Anatomy
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Radial
tuberosityattachment for
the biceps
muscle. On
medial side of
radius just
distal to the
radial head.
Elbow Ligaments
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Medial Collateral Ligament- runs from
medial epicondyle of humerus to the
medial side of coranoid process and
olecranon process.
Elbow Ligaments
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Lateral collateral ligament- attaches
proximally to the lateral epicondyle and
distally to the lateral ulna and annular
ligament.
Elbow Ligaments
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Annular Ligament- encompasses
radial head at the radial notch and hold
it against the ulna. (red)
Elbow
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Interosseous membrane- broad flat
membrane is located between the
radius and ulna for most of their
length.
Epicondylitis
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Overuse of the tendon attached to the
epicondyle of the humerus.
Faulty technique/mechanics, weak
muscles or improper equipment.
Can be on lateral side- tennis or
golfers elbow
Can be on the medial side- pitcher’s
elbow
Epicondylitis
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Signs and Sx
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Pain over
epicondyle
Increase pain with
wrist flexion or
extension
Elbow contracture
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Treatment
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Proper technique
Proper equipment
Good warm up with
slow increase in
intensity
Stretching
RICE
Young Athlete’s Elbow Injury
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Little Leaguer’s elbowrepetitive action resulting
in elbow pain in young
The elbow area is the
last epiphyseal center to
close so injuries can
occur.
Young Athlete’s Elbow Injury
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Little Leaguers elbow
can result in in varies
fractures or bone
growths.
Dislocations
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Elbow is the second most
commonly dislocated major joint.
Most often the ulna/radius
dislocate posterior to the
humerus.
MOI- fall of outstretched
arm with elbow locked
in extension.
Dislocations
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Signs and Sx
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Obvious deformity
Check circulation
and nerve function
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Treatment
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Immobilization
Wrist strengthening
and then progress
to elbow
RICE
Fractures to Elbow/Forarm
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Often occurs due to a direct blow or a
fall on outstretched arm.
Most common childhood injury, often
involves the epiphysis.
Fractures to Elbow/Forarm
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Signs and Sx
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Point tenderness
Possible deformity
Swelling
Limited ROM
Splinting?
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Treatment
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Immobilization
RICE
Strengthening of
the joints
surrounding and
then whole arm
when cast is
removed.
Elbow/Forearm Muscles
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Brachialis- attaches distal half of the
humerus to the coronoid process and
ulnar tuberosity of ulna.
Elbow/Forearm Muscles
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Biceps Brachii
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Long head-supraglenoid tubercle,
through bicipital groove, joins with the
Short head- comes from the coracoid
process
Both combine to inset onto the radial
tuberosity.
Elbow/Forearm Muscles
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Brachioradilis- attached to
humerus just slightly
above the lateral
epicondyle, crosses the
elbow anterior and lateral
to attach on the styloid
process of the radius.
Brachialis, Biceps
Brachioradialis
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Primary Function of these three
muscles is what??????
Elbow/Forearm Muscles
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Triceps brachiientire muscle mass
of posterior arm. It
attaches to the
olecranon process
when all 3 heads of
the muscle
combine. Function
is extension. Radial
nerve.
Elbow/Forearm Muscles
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Anconeus- helps the triceps with
extension and keeps the annular
ligament out of the olecranon fossa.
Elbow/Forearm Muscles
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Pronator teres- cordlike shape is teres,
and pronation is its pimary action.
Mostly superficial muscle.
Elbow/Forearm Muscles
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Pronator quadratus- small flat
quadrilateral muscle that pronates the
wrist. Deep muscle at distal end of
forearm.
Elbow/Forearm Muscles
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Supinator- deep muscle that wraps
around the elbow joint laterally from
posterior to anterior surfaces.