Transcript fe12ff58fa67cfbx

Under the supervision of
Dr \Moheb Monier
91-Esraa Raafat Ahmed Ghanem
92-Esraa Reda Hashem Tawfik
93-Esraa samy Farid Abd Elghaffar
94-Esraa Saad Abbas Hamed
95-Esraa Shawky Abdelhak Abolaban
96-Esraa Sobhi Mohamed Abdelaziz
97-Esraa Sabry Mohamed Ahmed Ali
98-Esraa Taher Elhossieny Farag
100-Esraa Ezzat Afify Sharf
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES(ILOS):
By the end of this presentatioin you will
be able to:
1-Define inguinal canal
2-Know the extenet of it.
3-Enumerate the boundaries
4-Enumerate the contents
5-List some notes about femoral canal .
6- Define henia.
7-Explain causes of hernia
8- List the types of hernia in details.
9-Know symptoms and diagnosis of hernia
in male and female.
10-Learn how to manage or treat hernia and
how to avoid it
It is found within the aponeurosis of the external oblique,
immediately above the crest of the pubis, 1 centimeter
above and lateral to the pubic tubercle. It has medial and
lateral crura. It is at the layer of the aponeurosis of the
obliquus externus abdominis.
EXTENT OF INGUINAL CANAL
1-The superficial inguinal
ring (subcutaneous inguinal ring ) is an
anatomical structure in the anterior wall
of the human abdomen. It is a triangular
opening that forms the exit of the inguinal
canal. At the other end of the canal,
the deep inguinal ring forms the
entrance,it is found through fascia
transversalis.
2-The surface marking of the deep inguinal
ring is classically described as
immediately above the midpoint of the
inguinal ligament (midway between
the anterior superior iliac spine and
the pubic tubercle).
Boundaries of the inguinal
canal
Floor:
- medial ½ of upper concave surface of inguinal
ligament
-the lacunar ligament at the medial end
Anterior wall :
- External oblique aponeurosis (along
its whole length )
-internal oblique ( in its lateral 1/3 )
Roof :
- Arched fleshy fibers of the internal oblique
and transversus abdominis
Posterior wall :
From behind
forwards
- Fascia transversalis
(along its whole
length)
Conjoint tendon ( in its medial ½ )
- Reflected part of
the inguinal
ligament (in its
medial ¼ )
The content of inguinal canal
The structures which pass through the canal
differ between males and females:in males :
the spermatic cord and its coverings
the ilioinguinal nerve.in females : the round
ligament of the uterus the ilioinguinal nerve.
Note :
that the ilioinguinal nerve passes through
the superficial ring to descend into
the scrotum in males and labia majora in
females, but does not formally run
through the canal.
Hernia is a general term used
to describe a bulge or protrusion
of an organ through the structure
or muscle that usually contains it.
There are many different types of
hernias. The most familiar type
are those that occur in the
abdomen, in which part of the
intestines protrude through the
abdominal wall. This may occur
in different areas and, depending
on the location, hernia is given a
different name
What Causes a Hernia?
muscle
weakness
strain
Common causes of muscle weakness
-Failure of the abdominal
wall to close properly
in the womb
(congenital defect)
-Age
- suddenly gaining weight
-Damage from injury or
surgery
Factors that strain your body and
may cause a hernia
(especially if your muscles are weak)
pregnancy
heavy
weight
lifting
constipation
ascites
Chronic
coughing
Am I At Risk for a Hernia?
Several factors increase your risk of
developing a hernia, including:
smoking
a personal or
family history of
hernias
(which can trigger a chronic cough)
1- Femoral hernia: If you feel sudden pain in your groin, a piece of intestine
may be stuck in the hernia .This needs treatment right away in a hospital
emergency room, and you may need emergency surgery.
Types of surgery:
1-
open
2-
1-Laparoscopic surgery — In laparoscopic hernia repair, a surgeon makes three
small incisions in the abdominal wall and then inflates the abdomen with a
harmless gas. The surgeon then inserts a laparoscope through the incisions. A
laparoscope is a tube-like instrument with a small video camera and surgical
instruments. While viewing the internal scene on a monitor, the surgeon pushes
the herniated intestine back into place and repairs the hernia opening with
surgical staples.
2-Open Surgery
General anesthesia will be used, so you will not be awake during the surgery.
Your surgeon might decide on a local anesthesia if the hernia is small.
The surgeon will make an incision, locate the hernia, and separate it from
surrounding tissues. The herniated tissue will be pushed back into place in your
abdomen
Stitches will be used to close up the tear or strengthen weak abdominal
muscles. Sometimes mesh is attached to strengthen the abdominal tissues and
risk of another hernia reduce the
How to avoid hernia?
1-Eat high-fiber foods with plenty of whole grains and fruits and vegetables to
prevent constipation and straining with bowel movements. Drink plenty of
water. Ask a doctor about using a stool softener
3-
2-
4-
Avoid
5-Learn how to lift heavy objects or simply do not lift them at all.
6-Exercise to strengthen the
abdominal muscles.
REFERENCES:
12345-
www.webmd.com.
www.hopkinsmedicine.org.
http://medind.nic.in
www.medscape.com
www.nicpi.com.