Transcript Section 2 notes--Electromagnetism

Section 2 notes-Electromagnetism
Electricity and Magnetism:
Electric Current and
Magnetism
• Moving charges like those in an electric
current produce magnetic fields
– Ex: Oersted exp. (1820)-pg. 233
A magnetic field around a current-carrying
wire forms a circular pattern
Direction of the field depends on direction of
current
Strength of field depends on amt of current in
wire
Electromagnets
• An electromagnet is a temporary
magnet made by placing a piece of iron
inside a current carrying coil of wire.
– Magnetic fields are created by the coil of
wire
– The more loops, the stronger the
magnetism
– Ex: stereo speakers, electric motors,
magnet in auto junkyard
CD Players—how do they
work?
• CD player produces electric current
• Electric current passes through a coiled
wire in the speaker (that is part of an
electromagnet)
• The electromagnet is attracted or
repelled to a fixed magnet
• The back and forth movement vibrates
the speakers surface and produces
sound
Galvanometers
• Galvanometers-gauges that use
electromagnets to measure electric current
• The electromagnet is able to rotate between
poles of a permanent fixed magnet
• When current flows through the coil, the
electromagnet rotates to one of the poles
– Ex; temp gauges in cars/gas gauges
Electric Motors
• An electric motor is a device that
changes electrical energy into
mechanical energy
Electric motors contain electromagnets
that are free to rotate between the poles
of a permanent, fixed magnet
The coil in the electromagnet is
connected to a source of electric current
More on electric motors
• When a current flows through the
electromagnet, a magnetic field is
produced in the coil
• A magnetic force between the
electromagnet and the permanent
magnet causes the coil to turn
– Ex: pg. 238 figure 15
Controlling electric motors
• Electric motors can be more useful if
their rotation speed can be controlled
– One way this can be done is to vary the
amount of current flowing through the coil
The first electric motor was developed in
1873—used direct current
1888—first electric motor to use alternating
current