Transcript 2 nd step – Letter-Sound Correspondence

Alphabetic Principle
Reading – Part Four
English Language
Arts & Reading
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Objectives
To examine the Alphabetic Principle and how it is
connected to reading development.
To provide instructional strategies to teach the
Alphabetic Principle.
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Alphabetic Principle
The ability to recognize that letters represent
sounds and that words are read in a L to R order.
Development
1.
Letter Recognition
2.
Letter-Sound Correspondence
3.
Sounding Out Words
4.
Words into Sentences
English Language
Arts & Reading
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Teaching
Alphabetic Principle
1st step – Letter Recognition
Knowing the names of the letters
of the alphabet.
Knowing the sounds of the letters
of the recognized letters of the
alphabet.
Knowing that the same letter can
be presented in upper or lower
case form.
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Teaching
Alphabetic Principle
2nd step – Letter-Sound Correspondence
Is explicit and systematic.
Presents initial instruction of the common sounds
associated with individual letters.
Progresses to blending sounds together to read
words.
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Guidelines
Teaching Letter-Sound Correspondences
Teach more frequently-used letters and sounds.
Establish a logical order of introductions
(the order will vary according to curriculum adoptions
and reading theorists).
Begin with a productive sequence that permits
student to make and read words as quickly as
possible.
Logical order of introduction (SNB 2).
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Guidelines
Teaching Letter-Sound Correspondences
Begin with continuous sounds.
mmmm, ssss
Add stop (clipped) sounds.
d, p, t
Introduce a few letter-sound correspondences at a
time.
By teaching 11 letter-sound correspondences,
students can read over 100 words. (SNB 3)
Provide plenty of practice.
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Teaching
Alphabetic Principle
3rd Step – Sounding Out Words
Students say each sound in a word and sustain that
sound as they progress to the next.
Students put those sounds together to make a whole
word. This must be taught explicitly.
Students sound out the letter-sound correspondences
(silently) and then say the whole word.
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Arts & Reading
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Teaching
Alphabetic Principle
Sounding out practice – direct instruction
Start with short VC (vowel-consonant) and CVC
(consonant-vowel-consonant) which have 2 or 3letters in the words. Also, in which the letters
represent their most common sounds in longer words
(4 or 5-phoneme words).
KISS - Keep It Sweet and Simple.
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Teaching
Alphabetic Principle
Sounding Out Words
Introduce words that do not contain consonant blends
(e.g., / st /, / tr /, / pl /) until students are proficient with
consonant – vowel – consonant words.
Begin with continuous sounds in early exercises to
facilitate blending. Stop sounds may be used in final
positions of words.
Try to introduce words in context, or words that
students are familiar with.
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Arts & Reading
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Teaching
Alphabetic Principle
4th Step – Words to Sentences
Use words from developed word lists before
integrating into passages.
Connect words to text.
Introduce texts that are decodable.
Allow opportunities to practice text to develop
accuracy and fluency.
Use sight words in text along with sounding out
strategies.
Sight words (SNB 4-6)
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Successful Readers
Rely primarily on letter-sound correspondences in
words rather than context or pictures to identity
familiar and unfamiliar words.
Have reliable strategies to decode words.
During the alphabetic phase, students must have
plenty of practice phonologically decoding the same
words to become familiar with spelling patterns, so
these words become automatic.
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Remember
Pronunciations of certain letter sounds in English
and Spanish may vary from speaker to speaker
depending upon the speaker’s region or country of
origin.
Small mirrors can be used to help students who are
having difficulty pronouncing sounds.
The combination of instruction in phonological
awareness and letter-sounds appears to be the
most favorable for successful early reading.
Haskell, Foorman, & Swank, 1992
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Arts & Reading
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Summary
Alphabetic Principle is the understanding that all
letters in the English language represent sounds
and that words are read in a L to R order.
The Alphabetic
Principle is crucial to
the development of
later reading success
and is part of the
development of
reading.
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Arts & Reading
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