Transcript phonemic awareness - jimmytorresecuador

EMERGENT LITERACY
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy
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Alphabetic Principle-English is an alphabetic
language based on the alphabetic principle:
each speech sound of the language is
represented by a graphic symbol.
Phonology is the study of speech sounds.
Phonics-is the study of the relationships
between the speech sounds (phonemes) and
the letters (graphemes) that they represent.
Phonemic awareness is children’s basic
understanding that speech is composed of a
series of individual sounds.
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy
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It provides the foundation for phonics and
spelling .
Phonemic awareness requires that children
treat speech as an object and that they shift
their attention away from the meaning of
words to the linguistic features of speech.
Children develop phonemic awareness as
they learn to hear and manipulate spoken
language.
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy
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Phonemes are the smallest units of speech,
and they are written as graphemes, or letters
of the alphabet.
Phonemes are usually represented using
diagonal lines /d/
Sometimes phonemes are spelled with two
graphemes duck (ck)
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy
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Identify sounds in words
Categorize sounds in words
Substitute sounds to make new words
Blend sounds to form words
Segment a word into sounds
These 5 components are strategies that
children use with phonics to decode and spell
words. The two most important are blending
and segmenting.
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy

Learning to identify a word that begins or
ends with a particular sound.
◦ For example, when shown a brush, a car, and a doll,
they can identify doll as the word that ends with /l/.
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy

Recognizing the “odd” word in a set of three
words
◦ For example, when the teacher says ring, rabbit,
and sun, recognizing that sun doesn’t belong.
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy

Learning to remove a sound from a word and
substitute a different sound in the beginning,
middle, or end of words.
◦ bar to car
◦ tip from top
◦ gate to game
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy

Learning to blend two, three, or four
individual sounds to form a word
◦ For example, /b/ /i/ /g/ blending the individual
sounds to form big
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy

Learning to break a word into its beginning,
middle, and ending sounds.
◦ Feet into /f/ /e/ /t/ go into /g/ /o/
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy

English language learners:
◦ Need more opportunities to play informally with
rhyme and to orally manipulate the sounds in words
◦ Need to listen to wordplay books read aloud more
times
◦ Need to participate in mini-lessons on specific
phonemic awareness strategies
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy
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Teach high-utility phonics skills that are most
useful for decoding and spelling unfamiliar
words
Follow a developmental continuum for
systematic phonics instruction, beginning w/
rhyming and ending with phonics
generalizations
Provide direct instruction to teach phonics
skills
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy
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Choose words for phonics instruction from
books students are reading and other highfrequency words
Provide opportunities for students to apply
what they are learning about phonics through
word sorts, making words, interactive writing,
and other literacy activities
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy
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Take advantage of teachable moments to
clarify misunderstandings and infuse phonics
instruction into literacy activities
Use oral activities to reinforce phonemic
awareness skills as students blend and
segment written words during phonics and
spelling instruction
Review phonics skills as part of the spelling
program in the upper grades (critical for ELL)
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy
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Research indicates a clear connection
between phonemic awareness and learning to
reading
As children become more phonemically
aware, they recognize that speech can be
segmented into smaller units, this is useful in
recognizing sound-symbol correspondences
and spelling
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy
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Children can be explicitly taught to segment
and blend speech
Phonemic awareness has been shown to be
the most powerful predictor of later reading
achievement
R. Grant
Emergent
Literacy