Transcript William Shakespeare - Bibb County Schools

Words Move Around Our World
with
William Shakespeare
Windows to Creativity
Inspiration, Communication, Transformation
What is the purpose of words?
If the purpose of words is to communicate,
why is communication important?
Is the desire to communicate innate?
Where do words come from? Are there
words that are common across languages
and time? Does the commonality have to
do with human experiences?
Words Matter
Create a drawing depicting how
words matter.
Many English words and word elements
can be traced back to Latin and Greek
roots. Often you can guess the meaning of
an unfamiliar word if you know the
meaning. New words are also created
when words or word elements, such as
prefixes, and suffixes, are combined in
new ways.
A prefix is a word part that cannot
stand alone. It is placed at the
beginning of a word to change its
meaning.
A suffix is a word part that is placed
at the end of a word to change its
meaning.
Prefix
sub- under
submarine
subsoil
subway
subhuman
substandard
Suffix
-ology or -logy- study of
Biology
Dermatology
Sociology
Anthropology
We use words to communicate. Words may
inspire; and they may transform us.
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What are some words that inspire or
encourage you?
What are some words that transform you
or our world?
Words move ideas across time
and place.
Using a Circle Map, brainstorm words
that are important and powerful to you.
How has the English language moved
or developed over time?
The English Language
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Students: Create a Flow Map showing and
explaining the movement of English.
Movement & Exploration of Words
How has English moved around the world?
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In 400s A.D. three
Germanic tribes invaded
Britain: the Angles, the
Saxons, and the Jutes.
At that time the
inhabitants of Britain
spoke a Celtic language.
The Angles brought their
language called Englisc
which is where we get the
words England and
English.
Old English
450-1100 A.D.
Poem, Beowulf, written in Old
English.
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The three Germanic tribes all spoke similar
languages, which in Britain developed into Old
English.
Old English does not sound or look like English
today.
About half of the most commonly used words in
our Modern English came from Old English.
Be, strong, and water derived from Old
English.
Old English was spoken until around 1100.
In 1066, William the
Conqueror, the Duke of
Normandy (part of France)
invaded and conquered
England.
 He brought his language,
French, with him and it
became the language of the
Royal Court.
 The lower classes spoke
English and the upper
classes spoke French.
 In the 14th century English
became the dominant
language in Britain again,
but with many French
words added.
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Middle English
1100-1500
The poet, Chaucer wrote using
Middle English.
Modern English
1500-1800
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At the end of the 15th century, a great
change in pronunciation started called
the Great Vowel Shift, with vowels
being pronounced shorter an shorter.
Why do you think this might have
happened?
Because of exploration, movement,
and the Renaissance, new words and
phrases entered the language.
The invention of printing also meant
that there was now a common
language in print.
People could now afford to buy books
and learn to read.
In 1604, the first English dictionary
was published.
Hamlet by Shakespeare written in
Early Modern Engish.
Late Modern
English
1800 - Present
The main difference between Early Modern English and Late
Modern English is vocabulary.
 Many, many more words came into the language.
 How and why do you think more words came into the
language at this time?
 Technology and new inventions created a need for new words.
 The British Empire covered ¼ of the Earth, and the English
language adopted words from many of these countries.
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The English Language Continues to
Move
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New words are added every year to our language and
the dictionary.
Think of recent inventions. Can you think of any new
words that have been invented?
New words added to the Oxford Dictionary in 2010 were:
catastrophizing
matchy-matchy
frenemy
unfriend
overthink
cool hunter
soft skills
What are their meanings?
catastrophizing – view or present a situation as much
worse that it actually is
 overthink – think about something too much or for too
long
 matchy-matchy – excessively color coordinated
 frenemy – a person with whom one is friendly even
though they do not like them
 cool hunter – a person whose job it is to make
observations or predictions about new styles and trends
 unfriend – removing someone from a list of friends
 soft skills – personal skills that enable someone to
interact effectively and peacefully with other people
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Your Turn!
Invent some new words.
 Decide if you want to create a word that
will be a noun, a verb, or an adjective.
 Write your word and decide how the word
will be spelled.
 Write a definition for your word.
 Use your word in a meaningful sentence.
 Share your new word with your class.
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Not So Fast!
Back to Early Modern English and
Enter – William Shakespeare!
What do you already know about
William Shakespeare?
Many people believe that William Shakespeare was
the most creative English writer who has ever
lived.
Phrases coined by Shakespeare
Using the list of phrases coined by William
Shakespeare you will select one that you
have heard before. Explain the meaning
of the phrase and create a pictograph
illustrating the meaning.
Students,
Now create a Tree Map to learn more about
Shakespeare:
His Life
Creativity
Writings
William Shakespeare’s Works
Comedies
Tragedies
Poetry
Who was William Shakespeare?
For over 400 years,
Shakespeare has been
considered the greatest poet
or bard and dramatist or
playwright in the Englishspeaking world.
 Why? Let’s investigate and
see what evidence we can
find.
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Shakespeare’s Beginnings
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William Shakespeare was born on April
23, 1564 in England in the town
Stratford-upon Avon. (Stratford is on
the Avon River.) This time in history is
called the Elizabethan Age because
Queen Elizabeth ruled in England.
He attended school until he was 15.
In 1592, he appeared as an actor in
the theatre in London.
Shakespeare wrote a very long poem,
Venus and Adonis, and began writing
sonnets.
A sonnet is a poem with 14 lines each line with 10 syllables, and a
specific rhyme pattern or scheme.
Stratfordupon-Avon
London
Shakespeare was both a
playwright and an actor
in the The King’s Men
(an acting company in
London).
 It became the largest
and most famous acting
company due in part to
Shakespeare’s writing
and acting.
 Shakespeare became a
very wealthy and
popular man!
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In 1599, The Globe theatre was built. Shakespeare’s
plays were performed there.
 His plays were so popular, people would pack in
sometimes as many as 3,000!
 The plays in the theatre usually lasted for three days.
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Shakespeare published 154 sonnets in 1609.
 In 1610, he retired from the theatre and
returned to Stratford-upon-Avon where he
became an important member of the local
gentry (in England, the class below nobility.)
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Shakespeare died in Stratford on
April 23, 1616.
 Even though he wrote his plays and poems
over 400 years ago, they are still read, viewed
at theaters and loved!
 His words, ideas, and stories have moved
though time exploring people and their lives.
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Shakespeare the Writer
Shakespeare wrote 37 plays, 154 sonnets,
and other poems.
 Some of the plays he wrote were:
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Romeo & Juliet
Julius Caesar
Hamlet
Macbeth
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
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Shakespeare used over 29,000 different words
when he wrote. The average person uses about
6,000!
He wrote using many puns.
He invented Knock-Knock jokes!
He was an expert at having one character insult
another, not with gross words, but in clever
ways.
He is the most quoted writer in the world.
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When Shakespeare could not
think of the perfect word to use,
he would make one up!
He coined about 2,000 words
and phrases.
Some of the words he made up
are commonly used today:
assassination,
amazement, apostrophe,
downstairs, moonbeam,
alligator, luggage, eye-ball,
useless, birth-place, puppydog, well-behaved,
laughable, lower, gloomy,
dishearten, laughable,
lonely, suspicious
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pignut
With a partner or at your table
group write a definition for the
each of the following words that
Shakespeare created that are no
longer in use:
mallecho
hugger mugger
boggler
pignut
Teachers: Collect the definitions
and let the class vote for the best
definition for each word.
Shakespeare Glossary:
http://www.shakespearehigh.com/classroom/guid
e/page3.shtml
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Shakespeare wrote different types of plays:
Comedies
Comedies are meant to make an audience laugh.
Comedies have characters who do foolish things.
The characters learn lessons by having jokes played
on them.
Some of Shakespeare’s comedies are:
A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Much Ado About Nothing,
The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Twelfth Night
2. Tragedies
 Tragedies have a hero.
 In tragedies, the hero faces very difficult
obstacles and the play ends with death.
 Many of his tragedies contain a soliloquy.
A soliloquy is a speech given by a character
when he/she is thinking out loud and letting
the audience know his/her thoughts.
 Tradegies written by Shakespeare are:
Macbeth, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, and Julius
Caesar
3. History
 Shakespeare’s plays about history tell the
stories of the kings of England.
 Sometimes he changed the facts to make
the plays more dramatic.
 Some of the plays of history that he wrote
were: King Richard II, King Richard III,
King John, King Henry IV, V, VI, VIII
Read Shakespeare
All of Shakespeare’s poems and plays were written to be
read aloud. A famous actor once said, “Shakespeare’s
words make such a beautiful noise.”
What do you think he meant?
He meant that Shakespeare’s words come alive musically
when they are spoken aloud.
Read Shakespeare Aloud:
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Use rhythm. Some words should be read quickly and
others slowly. Try to understand what is being said and
let yourself get into the flow of the rhythm.
Learn the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Usually stress the word on the end of a line. Example:
Wherefore art thou Romeo?
Pay close attention to punctuation: stop at a period,
pause at a comma, keep going at the end of a line with
no punctuation.
When an “ed” at the end of a word has an accent mark
over it, pronounce the “ed “ as a separate syllable. It
will continue the rhythm of the passage.
Practice!
Poetry from A Midsummer Night’s Dream
I know a bank where the wild thyme blows,
Where oxlips and the nodding violet grows,
Quite over-canopied with luscious woodbine,
With sweet musk-roses and with eglantine;
There sleeps Titania sometime of the night,
Lull’d in these flowers with dances and delight;
And there the snake throws her enamelled skin,
Weed wide enough to wrap a fairy in.
Tip to Understanding Shakespeare’s
Writings
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Shakespeare often left out letters, syllables, and whole
words. These omissions really aren't that much different
from the way we speak today. We say:
"Been to class yet?“ No. Heard Ulen's givin' a test.?
""Wha'sup wi'that?"
We leave out words and parts of words to speed up our
speech. If we were speaking in complete sentences, we
would say:
"Have you been to class yet?“ "No, I have not been to
class.” “I heard that Mrs. Ulen is giving a test
today.“ "What is up with that?"
Can you figure our what these words
from Shakespeare mean?
o'er ~ _____
gi' ~
_____
ne'er ~ _____
e'er ~ _____
oft ~ _____
e'en ~ _____
o'er ~ over
gi' ~ give
ne'er ~ never
e'er ~ ever
oft ~ often
e'en ~ even
Read Shakespeare
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Students will read one of the following
books from the series – Shakespeare Can
Be Fun by Lois Burdett:
*A Midsummer Night’s Dream
*The Tempest
* Macbeth
*Twelfth Night
* Romeo & Juliet
Literature Activities
Create Flow Maps of the plot of the story.
Include: Characters, setting(s), problem, plot
(rising action, climax) and resolution. Use these
to create 60 Second Shakespeare plays and
perform these, or put this into a Powerpoint or
PhotoStory presentation!
 Design a Bubble Map with words to describe one
of the main characters. Provide evidence of the
descriptors from the story. Make your
presentation into a poster, PhotoStory or
PowerPoint.
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Bibliography
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http://www.englishclub.com/english-languagehistory.htm
http://www.pbs.org/shakespeare/educators
http://www.folger.edu/template.cfm?cid=588
Sands, Stella. Kids Discover. Shakespeare. New York.
2004
Larsen, Linda J. Renaissance. Teacher Created Materials,
Inc. USA. 1999