Transcript Invented Words

Invented Words
I. Related Information
1.1 History of English
Old
English(500
-1000 A.D)
 Middle
English(100
0-1500 A.D)
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Modern
English: the
Early Modern
Period (15001700 A.D)
and the Later
Modern
Period(1700
A.D.---).
1.2 Word Formation
 1.2.1Derivation/
Affixation
Prefix and Suffix
prefix + root word+ suffix
e.g.
antireestablishmentarism
1.2 Word Formation
 1.2.2
Compounding/composition
word + word:
lookers-on, women doctor
1.2 Word Formation
1.2.3 Conversion
It is also called functional shift.
E.g. Don’t brother me.
Let’s foot it/bus it/train it/plane
it.
Do I need you to boss me?
今天你校内了吗？
他呵护我，保护我，宝贝我。
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1.2 Word Formation
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1.2.4 Abbreviation and
Acronym
Abbreviation: UN, TV, VIP, p.s.,
Acronym:
radar: radio detection and
ranging; sonar: sound
navigation and ranging; sodar:
sound detection and
ranging(声音探测器）
1.2 Word Formation
1.2.5 blending
Parts of some words are taken out
to form a new word:
smoke + fog=smog
motor + hotel=motel
boat + hotel=botel
binary + digit =bit
education +
entertainment=edutainment
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II. Reading Skills
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2.1
How to get
the main
idea of a
paragraph
2.2
How to get
the main
idea of a
passage
2.1 The main idea of a
paragraph
Step 1 To recognize the most
general word
e.g. Choose the most general
word.
A) orange
A) chemist
B) fruit
B) physicist
C) apple
C) scientist
D) pear
D) biologist
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2.1The main idea of a paragraph
Step 2 To recognize the most
inclusive sentence
e.g. Choose the most general
sentence.
A) The hotel offers complimentary
coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily.
B) There are many reasons why
guests feel at home at the
Glorietta Bay Inn.
C) The coin-operated laundry room
has an ironing board.
D) There are a number of extra
services at the Glorietta Bay Inn
including baby-sitting.
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2.1 The main idea of a paragraph
 A: Practice of the skill
English is clearly an
international language. It
is spoken by pilots and
airport control operators
on all the airways of the
world. Over 70 percent of
the world's radio
programs are in English.
2.1The main idea of a paragraph
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B: Practice of the skill
Some students prefer a
strict teacher who tells
them exactly what to do.
Others prefer to be left to
work on their own. Still
others like a democratic
discussion type of class.
No one teaching method
can be devised to satisfy
all students at the same
time.
2.1 The main idea of a paragraph
C: Practice of the skill
For adults a cold is not that
serious. However, this is
not the case for children.
Cold symptoms in children
may be signs of more
serious diseases and
should be given prompt
medical attention.
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2.1 The main idea of a
paragraph
 D:
Practice of the skill
 Read the first paragraph,
and eighth paragraph in
the text to find the main
idea
2.2 How to get the main idea
of a passage
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Step 1 Read the title
Step 2 Think over the tittle
Step 3 Read the first paragraph
Step 4 Scan the text quickly
Step 5 Read the last paragraph
2.2 How to get the main idea of a passage
Step 1 Read the title of the
text:
Questions: 1) What does the
title mean?
It means that words are made
up or coined by man, and not
born in nature.
2) Can you guess what the
author tells us in the text?
Most probably the author tells
us how the words are created
or invented by human beings.
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2.2 How to get the main idea
of a passage
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Step 2 Read the first paragraph
Step 3 Read the last paragraph
Step 4 Generalize the main idea
of the text
2.2 How to get the main idea of a
passage
 The main idea of the text is___.
 A. that English ancestors
invented the main part of the
English language in four different
ways
 B. that invented words are
generally made up in three
different ways.
 C. that borrowed words and other
kinds of words make up about
one fifth of the English language
 D. how various kinds of English
words are invented.
III. Structure of the text
Ask ss to finish reading the text in 11 minutes
The whole
passage
Part 1
Paragraph
one
Part II
para.2 to
para.10
Part III
Para.11 to
Para.12
The main idea of each part:
 Part One: para.1 tells us the
general idea of the whole
passage.
 Part Two: para.2 to Para.10. It
tells the three kinds of words:
name words, imitative words,
invented words.
 Part Three: para.11-12 tells us
the purpose of this writing, that
is ,to encourage the reader to
learn words according to the
world formation
III. Structure of the text
Part II
three kinds
of words
Section I
name
words
Section II
imitative
words
Section III
invented
words
Main idea of each section in Part II
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Section I: para.2 tells words
from the names of people and
places;
Section II Para.3 tells us
imitative words;
Section III para.4-para.10 tells
various invented words
(compounds, derivatives,
nonsense words).
IV. Discussion Questions
1.What are the main methods for us
to invent words? Compounding
refers to one word made up of
two other words; Affixation
refers to one word made up of
root word and affix. Affix can be
divided into two kinds, that is
prefix and suffix. Nonsense
words: it has two kinds. The first
is the words unable to be traced
back to the ancestor language;
the second kind is blending, that
is the mixture of different parts
of two words: smog, chortle,
motel, botel, edutatainment,
IV. Discussion Questions
2. Why do people use gobbledygook?
When people talk or write using long,
fancy words that really mean nothing,
we call it gobbledygook. Unfortunately,
many people use gobbledygook
because they want to seem more
important than they are, or because
they don’t really want people to
understand what they mean or what
they are doing. e.g. BO, SOB, OIC, SYY,
本草纲目(dumb and annoying).
IV. Discussion Questions
3. What’s Humpty Dumpty’s
opinion about the meaning of a
word? Do you agree? Why or
why not?
Dumpty insists words can mean
whatever he wants them to
mean. Alice insists that this is
impossible. If everyone did that
no one would understand
anyone else.
Meaning is culturally-oriented,
that is, socially accepted, not
 3.randomly
What’sused.
Humpty
opinion
But we Dumpty’s
can
createthe
special
meaning of
about
meaning
ofa a word? Do
word in the special context.
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you agree? Why or why not?
Dumpty insists words can mean
whatever he wants them to mean.
IV. Discussion Questions
 e.g. The English words swim in
my head.
I am unwilling to be the third
wheel for you. Just as the
Chinese words奔驰250 means
stupid，not the brand name of
the car,贝多芬 means backbaring lady, not Van Beethoven,
特困生 means super-sleepy
students，not students with
financial troubles.
IV. Discussion Questions
 4.How can we be a master of
language? Can you name some
master of English language?
A master of language knows what
words really mean, and where they
come from; knows when to use big,
important ones and when to use
the shorter, equally important
simple ones. Churchill was a great
British prime minister. He was also
a great writer, truly a master of
language. He said once, “Short
words are best, and old words
when they are short, are best of all.”
IV. Discussion Questions
e.g. 1) My dear parent has joined
the heavenly choir. 吾父升天矣。
My dear father has passed away.
我亲爱的父亲已经过世了。
My father has died.
父亲死了。
My old man has just kicked the
bucket. 我家那个老头子翘辫子了。
2) 他们害怕竞争对手变得强大起来。
A: They are afraid of the emergence
of their rivals.
B: They fear the emergence of their
rivals.
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IV. Discussion Questions
 3) 事实雄辩地证明了有志者事竟
成。 A： The facts eloquently
show that where there is a will,
there is a way.
B: The facts eloquently
demonstrate that where there is
a will, there is a way.
 4) 早在1805年， 他们就解决了这
个问题。 A: Back in 1805, they
solved the problem.
B: As early as in 1805,
they solved the problem.
VI Important points in the text
1. Borrowed words
Anglo-Saxon French Latin
kingly
royal
regal
time
age
epoch
belly
stomach abdomen
ask
question interrogate
fast
firm
secure
holy
sacred consecrated
brotherly fraternal
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V. Important points in the text
Borrowed words from Chinese
Wushu (martial arts), kowtow,
qipao, jiaozi, Chinese chaofan,
wok, tea, silk, majong, tofu,
mantou (steamed bread),
Fengshu, Shangrila, paper tiger,
tycoon, typhoon.
 Chinese words from English: PK,
N. WTO, etc.
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V. Important points in the text
2. Words from the names of
peoples and places:
 Inventor: ampere, volt, walt,
pasteurize
 Literary character: AhQ, shylock,
Don Juan, quixotic, franenstein.
Place: meet one’s waterloo,
shanghai, tsintao, do/stage a
Dunkirk, etc.
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V. Difficult points in the text
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3. Imitative words:
onomatopoeic words
Sounds of animals: buzz, hum,
grunt, bark, neigh, hiss, quack,
etc.
Sounds of action: click, crash,
bang,
Sounds of man: giggle, gurgle,
chuckle, snore, snort, etc.
Sounds of nature: rumble,
gurgle, whistle, rattle, etc.
V. Important points in the text
 4. New words continue to come
into the language at such a rate
that no dictionary could possibly
keep up with them.
 5. As well as putting two whole
words together, we also add parts
of words called prefixes and
suffixes to whole words.
 6. Remember, the prefix comes
first, the root word second, and
the suffix last.
V. Important points in the text
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7. Linguists guess that these are
nonsense words because they
have not been able to trace them
back to any of the ancestor
language.
VI. Newspaper and Headlines
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1) The language features of
newspaper headlines:
In the present tense; omitting
unnecessary words
VI. Newspaper and
Headlines
2. Two types of headlines
 1. Sentence headlines
Police Rescue 12 Divers as
Launch Sinks off Phi Phi
Pen Manufacturers still See
Good Future for Luxury Pens
 2. Phrase headlines
Getting in touch with the spirits
Heroism and Cowardice at the
“Top of the World”
Reward for Tracing Suspect
VI. Newspaper and Headlines
 3. The grammar of sentence
headlines
 Almost all sentence headlines
use the present tense—despite
the fact that they generally
describe past events. The
present tense gives the subject
a sense of freshness and
immediacy, making it more
interesting to read.
VI. Newspaper and Headlines
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Headlines pack a great deal of
information into a limited
space, so it is not surprising that
headline writers use several
methods to conserve space. One
obvious example is to use
abbreviations (“PM” for “Prime
Minister”, etc.).. But they also use a
special grammar, omitting articles
(“a” and “the”) and the verb “to be”
wherever possible
VI. Newspaper and Headlines
E.G. Cooperation Agreement
Signed (A cooperation
agreement is signed)
Australian Ex-judge Sworn in to
Represent UK Queen (An
Australian ex-judge is sworn in
to represent the United
Kingdom queen)
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Ⅶ Homework
Find the examples for the
mentioned type of words
in the text.
 Finish the exercises
following the text.
 Home reading: History of
English
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VIII. The end
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Thank you all.
See you later