Transcript RfRCh2-Part 2.NEW

Reading for Results
BUILDING
WORD POWER
Chapter 2 – Part 2
Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes
Connotations and Denotations
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Learning Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes
It’s up to YOU to learn and master the most
commonly used roots, prefixes, and suffixes!
There are 3 word parts to help us
figure out what a word means.
ROOTS
 PREFIXES
 SUFFIXES
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ROOTS
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Roots give words their
fixed meanings
EXAMPLE

When a disease goes
away and comes back
over time, it is called
chronic.
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SOME ROOTS
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chron = time
gam = marriage
lat = side
mob = move
pel = force
popul = people
rect = straight,
straighten
PREFIXES

Word parts that
appear at the
beginning of words
and modify the root
meaning, as in include
and exclude or invoke
and revoke.
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SOME PREFIXES
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bi = two
im = not
per = through
poly = many
SUFFIXES
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Word parts that appear at
the end of many words.
They are more likely to
reveal what part of speech
a word is.
Words that end in ness
are usually nouns.
Words that end in ly are
usually adverbs.
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SOME SUFFIXES
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ism = state, condition, or
quality
ize = to cause to be, to
treat or affect
onym = name, word
Suffixes change a word’s form
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Part of speech: beauty, beautiful,
beautifully
Tense: walk, walks, walked, walking
Number: boy, boys
How to Use Word Analysis
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FIRST … look for the root. Sometimes a
letter or two may be missing:
postoperative
indefensible
immeasurable
If you do not recognize the root …
… then you probably won’t be able to figure
out the word’s meaning. Instead, use
context clues or the dictionary.
If you DID recognize the root …
…
for prefixes that change the words meaning.
introspective
unreasonable
antisocial
respective retrospective
How to read a dictionary
pronunciation
part of speech
synonym
definition
man·i·fest (măn' ∂-fĕst') adj. Clearly apparent to the sight or
understanding: obvious. See Synonyms at apparent. --manifest
tr.v. -fest·ed, -fest·ing, -fests. 1. To show or demonstrate plainly;
reveal. 2. To be evidence of; prove. 3. To record in a ship's
manifest.--manifest n. 1. A list of cargo or passengers carried on a
ship or plane. 2.
An invoice of goods carried on a truck or train.
3. Business. A list of railroad cars according to owner and location.
[Mid-dle East manifeste, < Old French, <L. manufestus, caught in
the act, blatant, obvious.]
etymology
spelling of word forms
Dictionary Guide Words
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Guide words appear at the top of each
page of your dictionary
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industrial/inexistence
Would the word “infant” be found on this page?
How about the word “inert”?
Connotations and Denotations
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Denotative language
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Conveys direct, specific meaning, without
implication or emotion
Is neutral or objective
Connotative (slanted) language
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Evokes a mood or emotional reaction
Can be positive or negative
Which word is positive? negative?
neutral?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The woman was (happy, silly, laughing).
The crowd was (fanatical, enthusiastic).
The worker was (slow, thorough).
Mike is (honest, blunt, rude).
The model is (skinny, slender, thin).
The movie was (strange, original, creative).
The car was (ancient, old, classic).
Susan is (old, mature, ageless).
Words are like bullets …
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Fire one into a mattress & you get a
predictable reaction …
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That’s DENOTATION
Fire one into a crowded auditorium & you
can’t be sure what reaction you will get …
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That’s CONNOTATION
It’s the added meaning that ignites a word &
makes it explode in several directions at once.
The End … or The Beginning!
Practice these concepts by doing the
exercises in Reading for Results!