Transcript Readers and Spellers

Readers and Spellers
What exactly is phonics?
• Phonics is knowing that sounds and
letters have a relationship
• It is the link between what we say
and what we can read and write.
A child who has mastered
phonics can connect the
sounds he knows with
letters, then put them
together to make words.
(And then he can put
words together to read
sentences, and so on.)
How is phonics taught?
Kindergarten (大班)
• Letter recognition: learning the letters of
the alphabet.
• Connecting some letters with their sounds
(she'll know about 20 sound-symbol
connections by the end of the year).
• Phonemic awareness: understanding that
words are made of individual, separate
sounds. She may be asked to clap out her
name, make up nonsense words, or listen for
the rhymes in a poem to build sound
sensitivity.
• Reading and writing easy consonant-vowelconsonant words (in some schools).
• A few sight words.
Grade 1
• Mastery of short and long vowels
• Letter combinations: The "b" sound plus
the "r" sound makes the "br" blend, in
which you can still hear both of the
consonants you started with; "t" plus "h"
makes a new "th" sound
• Reading simple words, sentences and
stories
• Beyond phonics: word endings, like "-ed"
and "-ing," and more sight words, such as is,
was, have, and are
Grade 2
• Vowel combinations (what sound does
"ea" make? How about "ai"?).
• Spelling patterns of increasing
difficulty.
• Multisyllabic words and putting word
parts together ("pan" plus "cake"
equals pancake).
• Vocabulary and word recognition
Reading Milestones
• Phonics
– Understanding that
the order of
letters in a written
word represents
the order of sounds
in a spoken word
– Knowing the sounds
letters make
– Blending letter
sounds together to
make a word /b/ /i/
/g/ makes "big"
• Spelling
– Automatically
reading highfrequency irregular
words such as
"are," "was,"
"were," "you," and
"said"
– Instantly reading
familiar words such
as "cat," "dog,"
"mother," and
"daddy" without
having to sound
them out
Reading Milestones
• Spelling
• Phonics
– Correctly spelling
– Recognizing word
families: fat, cat, and
previously studied
sat all have the same
words
last two letters, as do
– Spelling a word the
pig, big, and dig
way it sounds if he
– Recognizing letter
doesn't know how
patterns: "ee" stands
for the sound in
to spell it
street and feel; "sh"
makes the same sound
in shirt and fish.
– Sounding out words
she doesn't know,
both real and
nonsense: "sit" and
"zot"
Tips to Teach Beginning Readers
• TIP #1: Check Your Child's Readiness Skills
– Make sure your child has the necessary prerequisite
skills to learn to read. The two best predictors of early
reading success are (1) the ability to recognize the
letters of the alphabet quickly and in random order,
and (2) phonemic awareness ability, or understanding
that words are made up of different and discrete
sounds.
• TIP #2: Fill His World with Just-Right Books
– Search out simple phonics readers in your child's school,
your town library, or at a local bookstore. These simple
books, focusing on 3-letter short-vowel words such as
cat, run, sit, and hot, will allow your child opportunities
to sound out simple words using the phonics skills he's
learning in school.