Transcript VOCABULARY 101 - OnCourse Systems

VOCABULARY 101
MORPHEMIC ANALYSIS
an·ti·dis·es·tab·lish·men·tar·i·an·ism
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anti- against
dis- not or opposite of
establishment- the recognition by a state of
a church as the state church
arian- forming nouns denoting a person
who supports, advocates, or practices a
doctrine, theory, or set of principles
associated with the base word
ism- Doctrine; theory; system of principles
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opposition to the withdrawal of state
support or recognition from an
established church, esp. the Anglican
Church in 19th-century England.
originally, opposition to the
disestablishment of the Church of
England, now opposition to the belief
that there should no longer be an
official church in a country
Questions to ponder:
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What is vocabulary?
What is literacy?
From where do our words come?
Why do we say things the way that we
do?
Who said, “This will be known as dog.
That will be know as sky.”?
MORPHEME
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mor·pheme
–noun Linguistics. any of the minimal
grammatical units of a language, each
constituting a word or meaningful part
of a word, that cannot be divided into
smaller independent grammatical
parts, as the, write, or the -ed of waited.
[Origin: 1895–1900; < F morphème; see
morph-, -eme ]
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morpho- or morphpref.
Form; shape; structure:
morphogenesis.
Morpheme: morphophonemics.
[Greek, from morphē, shape.]
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-eme
a suffix used principally in linguistics to
form nouns with the sense “significant
contrastive unit,” at the level of
language specified by the stem:
morpheme; tagmeme.
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[Origin: extracted from phoneme ]
MORPHEMES
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Word part clues
Meaningful parts of words
Smallest unit of meaning
– Run (one morpheme)
– Runs (two morphemes)
WHY???
MORPHEMES
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Include:
– root or base word(s)
– Greek and Latin roots
– Affixes (prefixes and
suffixes)
TYPES OF MORPHEMES
FREE MORPHEMES
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Can stand alone as words
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Anglo-Saxon Root words
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Run, hop, love, hive, dog, live, store, help, play…
BOUND MORPHEMES
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Cannot stand alone as words
affixes and word roots
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Greek roots
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Pre-, re-, un-, -ing, -er, -s, -ful…
Bio, graph, scope
Latin roots
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dict, ject, struct
BOUND MORPHEMES
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Prefixes:
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dis-, in-, re-, un-
Derivational Suffixes:
-full, -less, -ly
 (change a word’s part of speech)
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Inflectional Suffixes:
-ed, -es, -ing, -s
 (change the form of a word but not part of
speech)
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GREEK AND LATIN
ROOTS
GREEK AND LATIN ROOTS
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(bound morphemes that cannot
stand alone as words in English)
Latin roots provide clues to the
meanings of more than a quarter of a
million English words.
Greek combining forms constitute the
majority of words in scientific and
technological vocabulary of English.
Root Words and Word
Families
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A root or base word is a single word
that cannot be broken into smaller
words or word parts.
Root words are words from which many
other words are formed.
Knowing the meaning of one root word can
provide a bridge to the meaning of other
words related in meaning, or words
belonging to a word family.
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Twenty prefixes account for 97
percent of the prefixed words in
school reading materials.
Four prefixes (un-, re-, in-, and dis-)
account for 58 percent of all prefixed
words.
About 60 percent of the words in
English text are of Greek and Latin
origin.
Using Word Part Clues to
Derive Word Meaning
Step
Action
1
Look for the Root Word.
What does it mean?
agree = to have the
same opinion
2
Look for a prefix.
dis = not or opposite
3
Look for a suffix. What
ment = state or quality
of something
4
Put the meanings of the
word parts together.
dis + agree + ment =
state or quality of not
having the same opinion.
What does it mean?
does it mean?
What is the meaning of
the whole word?
Example Word:
disagreement
Practice
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Divide the words below by placing a + between
their separate morphemes. (Some of the words
may be monomorphemic and therefore indivisible.)
Also indicate whether the morphemes are free (F)
or bound (B) elements.
Example: replaces -- re (B) + place (F) + s (B)
retroactive, befriended, televise,
margin, endearment, psychology,
impalatable, holiday, grandmother,
morphemic, cursive, Massachusetts,
tourists, basically, timely,