Transcript SYNTAX

The structure and Function of Phrases and Sentences
SYNTAX
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SYNTAX :
 a study of sentence patterns of a
language
 a study of the analysis of sentence
structure
 A part of grammar that concerns
the structure of phrase and
sentences
 A study of the rule and way that
words and phrases are put together
to form sentences in a language
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SYNTAX
 In analyzing sentences, a useful tool is the
notion that sentences consist not of words, but
of constituents
Harry saw a ghost.
 It is made up of units of words, and each unit
contains at least one morpheme.
 We could describe or identify the composition
of the units (the structural units ) and their
relationship to one another.
 Those structural units are called CONSTITUENTS.
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Morphology
 A study of the grammatical structure of word
 A study of word formation
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Morphemes
Morphemes can be :
 Free Morphemes
 Bound Morphemes.
Some morphemes can stand alone as words:
true, mother, orange
Morphemes that can stand alone are free
morphemes.
 Other morphemes function only as a part of
word
un- , tele-, -ness, -er
 Morphemes that cannot stand alone are
bound morphemes.
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Types of Bound Morphemes
A. Derivational Morpheme
1. Suffix
In English, bound morphemes may be added to the end of
words ( suffixes )
 Noun + FUL
 Adjective + LY
 Verb + MENT
 Verb + ER
 Adjective + EN
 Noun + EN
→
→
→
→
→
→
Adjective (doubtful, beautiful)
Adverb ( beautifully)
Noun (establishment)
Noun (teacher)
Verb (brighten, harden)
Verb (frighten)