Transcript The Skin
Integumentary System The bodies first line of defense. Introduction The Integumentary System is the outermost covering of the body. It is comprised of several different layers as well as many derivative structures . There are several different types of skin conditions, however most can be prevented with basic skin care. The integumentary system is also studied and cared for by several health care professionals. Integumentary System • Integumentary = Skin • Function • Cover Body Surfaces • Derivatives • • • • Sweat Glands Oil Glands Hair Nails • Structure • Epidermis • Dermis • Hypodermis M.S. Integumentary System (continued) • Cutaneous Membrane • AKA: Skin • Composed of Epidermis and Dermis • Subcutaneous • Not Part of the Skin • Hypodermis M.S. Epidermis • Not Vascular • Keratinocytes • Hard Dead Cells Filled With Stiff Keratin Protein • Make Up 90% of Epidermal Cells • Sometimes Called Corneocytes • Melanocytes • Pigment Cells • Shield Against UV Rays M.S. Epidermis (continued) • Cell Layers • Five Layers or Strata • • • • • Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale • Cute Little Girls Squish Bugs • Cells Grown at Bottom and Pushed Towards the Top M.S. Dermis • Corium • “True Skin” • Papillary Layer • Thin Superficial Layer • Composed of Thin Collagen and Elastic Fibers • Small Ridges Compose Fingerprints • Reticular Layer • Hardware of Integumentary System • • • • Sweat Glands Arrector Pili Muscle Nerves Blood Vessel M.S. Hypodermis • Subcutaneous • Composed of Mostly Connective and Adipose Tissue • Connects the Skin to the Internal Organs M.S. Derivative Structures • Sweat Glands • Widely Distributed Throughout Skin • Two Types • Eccrine • Empty Directly From Ducts to Skin Surface • Apocrine • Empty Into Hair Follicles • Sebaceous Glands • Produce Oil • Sebum • Waterproof Skin M.S. Derivative Structures • Hair • Produced by Hair Follicle • Dermal and Epidermal Sheath Surround Hair Root • Arrector Pili • Small Muscle That Pulls Hairs Upright When Cold of Frightened • Nails • Scale-Like Modifications of the Epidermis • Heavily Keratinized M.S. The Skin Please Draw and Label M.S. Congenital Skin Conditions • Eczema • Common Skin Conditions Caused by Reddening and Vesicle Formation • Five Main Types of Eczema • • • • • Atopic – associated with asthma Seborrhoeic eczema – affects the nose and lips Discoid – coin shaped lesions only occurring in adults Pompholyx – affecting hands and feet Gravitational eczema – associated with pour venous circulation • Psoriasis • Psoriasis is a Chronic Skin Disease With Pink Patches that Form on the Elbow, Knee, and Scalp Along With Other Parts of the Body Kyle T. Congenital Skin Conditions (continued) • Most Common in Britain • Cause is Unknown • Sometimes Occurs in Arthritis Patients • Dermatitis • Inflammatory Condition of the Skin Caused by Outside Agents • Three Types • Irritant Dermatitis • Occupational Dermatitis • Allergic Dermatitis • Typically Not Curable Kyle T. Bacterial Skin Conditions • Acne Vulgaris • Common Inflammatory Condition of Sebaceous Glands • Impetigo • Superficial Bacterial Infection of the Skin • Bullous Impetigo • Caused by Staphylococcus • Blisters occurs at any age • Non-Bullous Impetigo • Caused by Staphylococcus Species • Mainly Affects Young Children Kyle T. Bacterial Skin Conditions (continued) • Acne Rosacea • Chronic Inflammatory Disease of the Face in Which the Skin Becomes Abnormally Flushed Kyle T. Viral Skin Conditions • Warts • Benign Growth on the Skin Caused by Infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • Common Warts • Usually Located on Back of the Hand Goes Away Within Two Years • Plantar Warts • Can Occur on the Soles of the Feet • AKA: Verrucas Kyle T. Skin Cancers • Melanoma • • • • • • most dangerous type of skin cancer leading cause of death from skin disease can also involve the colored part of the eye caused by changes in cells called melanocytes may begin as mole or other area that has changed in appearance Risk higher for: • • • • Fair skin Blue or green eyes Red or blond hair Sunny climates, excessive tanning, etc. D.A. Skin Cancer (continued) • The ABCDE system helps you diagnose melanoma • • • • • Asymmetry Borders Color Diameter Evolution • Squamous Cell Skin Cancer • Nonmelonoma Skin Cancer • May occur in normal skin or injured skin • Earliest form is called Bowen’s Disease D.A. Skin Cancer (continued) • Risk Factors • Light colored skin, blue or green eyes , blond or red hair • Old age • Chemical exposure • Characterized by Growing Bumps with Rough Surface • Only Treatment is Surgery • Basal Cell • Nonmelenoma Skin Cancer • Most Common in People Over 40 • Risk Factors • Light Colored or Freckled Skin D.A. Skin Cancer (continued) • • • • Blue, Green, or Grey Eyes Blond or Red Hair Overexposure to Radiation Many Moles • Symptoms • Pearly of Waxy Skin • White of Light Pink Flesh • Only Treatment is Surgery D.A. Burns • Three Types • First Degree • Damage to Outer Layer • Second Degree • Damage to Outer Layer and Layer Underneath • Third Degree • Damage or Destroy Deepest Layer of Skin • Four Major Clinical Risks • • • • Shock Dehydration Infection Pain D.A. D.A. Skin Care • • • • • • • • • No Way to Keep Skin From Aging Loss of Elasticity of the Skin Is Sped Up by Sunlight Bathe Everyday and Wash Your Hands Regularly Keep Your Skin and Nails Clean to Prevent Infections . Avoid Using Harsh Soaps Apply Sunscreen Before You Go Outside. Avoid Tanning Beds Eat a Healthy Diet. Consuming a Lot of Meats Can Contribute to Wrinkles . Kyle T. Dermatologist • Specialized Physician • M.D. That Specializes in the Integumentary System, It’s Conditions, And Treatments • Work In a Private Practice • Education • Same as All Physicians • Four Years Undergraduate • Four Years Medical School • 3 to 8 Years Residency • Residency Must Be Completed in Dermatology M.F. Dermatologist • Licensure • Standard United States Medical Licensure Examination (USMLE) • Dermatology Boards • Salary • $55,200 to $187,000 • Schools in Tennessee • Medical Schools • • • • University of Tennessee Knoxville Vanderbilt University ETSU – Quillen College of Medicine Meharry College of Medicine M.F. Registered Nurse (RN) • Job descriptions • Responsible For • Daily Care of Patients • Administering Medication • Setting IV/ Giving Shots • Working Conditions • Considerable Time Walking or Standing • Work Days, Nights, and Holidays • Work in Many Kinds of Clinical Settings Registered Nurse (RN) • Education • At Least a Two-Year Associates Degree in Nursing • Many Complete Bachelors, Masters, or Even Ph.D. • Licensing • Must Pass the National Council Licensure Exam (NCLEX) • Salary • Annual Rate • $40,895 - $79,064 • Hourly Rate • $19.80 - $36.28 L.C. Registered Nurse (RN) • Schools in Tennessee • • • • • • • • • • • Carson Newman University Belmont University Cumberland University ETSU UTK King College Milligan College TSU Vanderbilt University Walter State Community College ETC. L.C. Clinical Procedure & Tools • Preventing Decubitus Ulcers • Rotating Patients Every Two Hours (Q2) • Sponge-Bath • Sheepskin Pads • Absorb Moisture • Reduce Friction • Reduce Skin Tears and Bruises • Foam Pads and Pillows • Bridge Areas to Reduce Pressure • Alternating-Pressure Mattress M.F. & L.C. Conclusion While very complex in nature, the Integumentary System is an essential part of the body and it’s functions. Equally complex is the study of this system. However, the study of the Integumentary System is a crucial building block of a medical education. Works Cited • • • • • • Bls.gov Carreers.onestop.org Ivy-rose.co/uk Livestrong.com Nursing Assistant (Tenth Edition) by Hagner, Acello, & Caldwell Anatomy & Physiology (Seventh Edition) by Patton & Thibodeau