Transcript Skin - FC Cosmetology Level 3

THE STUDY OF SKIN
This presentation was adapted to outline Chapter 15 of
Pivot Point Cosmetology Fundamentals Textbook
Central Message
Healthy, glowing, attractive skin
can be achieved through
professional skin care, hair
removal and makeup application
The Study of Skin
Learning Goals
Following this lesson on The Study of Skin,
you will be able to:
• Define the function, composition and types of skin
• Identify disorders and diseases of the skin
• Explain and demonstrate the steps and massage
techniques used during a basic facial
Skin is the largest organ of
the body; it makes up
approximately 7% of
your body weight!
The Study of Skin
Advance Organizer
SKIN THEORY
•Functions of the Skin
•Composition of the Skin
•Types of Skin
SKIN THEORYKey Terms
Dermatology
Subcutaneous
Epidermis
Dermis
Melanin
SKIN THEORY
Dermatology: the study of skin, its structure, functions,
diseases and treatment
The Skin…
• Largest organ of the body
• Covers the entire body
• Protects from invasion of outside
particles
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
Six Basic Functions
Sensation: Senses of heat, cold, pain and pressure
Secretion: Secretes sebum that keeps skin soft, supple and
pliable; prevents bacteria from invading the skin
Absorption: Permits water and oxygen to pass
through tissues
Regulation: Helps maintain the body’s temperature
Protection: Shields the body from impact of heat, cold,
bacteria, and other environmental aspects
Excretion: Eliminates sweat, salt and wastes from the body
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
3 Main Layers
1. Epidermis: outermost layer of the skin
2. Dermis: underlying, or inner, layer of the skin
3. Subcutaneous: located below the dermis layer
and is composed primarily of fatty tissue
YouTube Video Link: How the Body Works - Skin
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COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Epidermis
Epidermis: outermost layer of the skin; composed of 5
layers of cells with differing characteristics and no
blood vessels
Stratum
Corneum
Stratum
Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum
Germinativum
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Epidermis
Stratum Germinativum
• Skin cell growth occurs
through mitosis or cell division
• Keratinization of cells begins
• Contains melanocytes
Keratinization: chemical
conversion of living cells
into dead protein cells
Melanocytes: produce
melanosomes containing
melanin, which gives skin
its color
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Epidermis
Stratum Spinosum
• Includes cells that have absorbed
melanin to distribute pigmentation
to other cells
• Become irregularly shaped and
appear as spines between the cells
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Epidermis
Stratum Granulosum
Contains cells that look like many tiny
granules on their way to the surface
to replace cells that are shed
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Epidermis
Stratum Lucidum
• Found only on the palms of hands and soles of
feet, where there are no hair follicles
• Contains cells that are more flattened and
transparent
The cells of this layer are called squamous cells
due to their flat, scale-like appearance, thus
making the skin thickest on the palms of the
hands and soles of feet
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Epidermis
Stratum Corneum
• Toughest layer of the epidermis
• Composed of keratin proteins that shed
continually and are replaced with new cells
• Protects all lower layers of the skin
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Dermis
Dermis: (“True Skin” or Corium) underlying, or inner,
layer of the skin; made up of connective tissues
The dermis contains...
• Sudoriferous glands
• Sebaceous glands
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•
•
•
Sensory nerve endings and receptors
Blood vessels
Arrector pili muscles
Major portions of hair follicles
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Dermis
Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands: consist of a coiled
base and tube-like duct opening on the surface of the
skin to form a sweat pore
3 Major Functions
• Control and regulate body
temperature
• Excrete waste products
• Help maintain acidic
pH factor of skin
Sudoriferous Gland
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Dermis
Sebaceous (Oil) Glands: sac-like glands attached to hair
follicles that produce sebum
• 2 to 3 times larger around facial hair
follicles than around scalp follicles
• Cause “oily skin” when an overabundance of sebum is produced
• Not found on the palms of hands or
soles of feet
Sebaceous Gland
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Dermis
Sebum: complex secretion containing a high percentage
of fatty, oily substances
Acid mantle: layer of oil and moisture on the surface of
the skin
• Keeps skin smooth
• Prevents dirt and grime from entering the outer layer of
the epidermis
• Prevents skin from drying or chapping
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Subcutaneous
Subcutaneous: fatty layer below the dermis that is a
protective cushion for the skin
• Acts as a shock absorber for bones
• Supports delicate structures
such as blood vessels and
nerve endings
• Gives contour and shape to body
• Provides an emergency reservoir
of food and water
Subcutaneous Tissue
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Subcutaneous
Subcutaneous Layer Contains...
Blood vessels that transport nourishment to skin
and nerves
Sense organs for touch, pressure and temperature
Nerves that respond to pain
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Skin Pigmentation
Melanin is distributed throughout all epidermal cells and
forms an effective barrier from the penetration of
ultraviolet rays to deeper layers of the skin
Melanin tans the skin to protect it from the burning rays of
the sun
Dark skin contains more melanin while light skin
contains less melanin
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Skin Pigmentation
Sunscreen: product developed to help the skin from
absorbing ultraviolet rays
SPF (Sun Protection Factor)
Rating system that allows you to determine how long
you can stay out in the sun without burning
SPF 15 indicates you can be out
in the sun 15 times longer
than you could without any protection at all
Chapter 15 The Study of Skin
Skin Theory
TYPES OF SKIN
Four Basic Skin Types
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dry
Oily
Normal
Combination
TYPES OF SKIN
1. Dry
• Signs such as peeling and flaking
• Chaps easily
• Fewer blemishes and not prone to acne
• Treatment program is essential to supply moisture
Oil Dry Skin lacks sebaceous activity
Moisture Dry Skin lacks water
TYPES OF SKIN
2. Oily
• All-over shiny look and/or rough texture with blackheads
and enlarged pores
• Oil appears in “T” zone, or the chin, nose, nasal-labial
groove and forehead
• Treatment program is important to keep oily skin in an
“acid-balanced” condition
TYPES OF SKIN
3. Normal
• Very rare and quite beautiful
• Fresh and healthy color, a firm, moist, and smooth
texture, freedom from blackheads and blemishes, and
does not appear oily
• Simple but consistent skin care routine is required
4. Combination
• Recognized by the shiny “T” zone and dryness in cheek,
jaw line and hairline areas
• Most specialized skin regimen is required
Skin Theory
Beyond the Book
skin cancer
85% of
cases are caused
by excessive
exposure to the sun
SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS
Next Lesson…
Be familiar with skin disorders and diseases
so you can recognize any problems that would
prevent you from performing a skin care service
SKIN THEORY
Self-Check - On a sheet of paper numbered 1-4, answer the
following questions.
1. The study of the skin’s structure, functions, diseases and
treatments is called __________.
2. The three main layers of the skin are the __________ ,
the __________ and the __________.
3. T or F Sebum tans skin to protect it fromthe burning rays
of the sun.
4. What are the four types of skin?
KNOW CHART
As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a
Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the
Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect
answers under the “I Need to Study” column.
I Know:
I Need to Study:
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
SKIN THEORY
Self-Check - Now it is time to check your answers.
1. The study of the skin’s structure, functions, diseases and
dermatology
treatments is called __________.
epidermis ,
2. The three main layers of the skin are the __________
dermis and the _____________.
subcutaneous
the __________
3. T or F Sebum tans skin to protect it from the burning rays
of the sun.
4. What are the four types of skin?
Dry Skin, Oily Skin, Normal Skin, Combination Skin
SKIN THEORY
Face the Facts
Functions of the Skin
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Dermatology is the study of the skin, its structure,
function, diseases and treatment
The skin is the largest organ of the body
The six basic functions of the skin are sensation,
secretion, absorption, regulation, protection and
excretion
SKIN THEORY
Face the Facts
Composition of the Skin
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
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The skin has three main layers: epidermis,
dermis and subcutaneous
The epidermis is composed of five layers of cells
The dermis includes the sudoriferous and sebaceous
glands
The subcutaneous tissue is a protective layer
Melanin tans the skin to protect it from
the burning rays of the sun
Types of Skin
 The surface of the skin falls into four basic
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types: dry, oily, normal and combination
SKIN THEORY
Group Assignment:
With the assorted materials given to each assigned
group, you will create a 3-D model or poster of the
following terms:
Group 1: Functions of the skin
Group 2: Composition of the skin - epidermis
Group 3: Composition of the skin - dermis
Group 4: Composition of the skin - subcutaneous
Group 5: Composition of the skin - skin pigmentation
Group 6: Types of skin