Transcript Your Skin - Sarah E. Goode STEM Academy

Journal # 6
12/04/12
• What are some ways to take care of your skin?
Healthy Skin, Hair, and
Nails (2:06)
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Taking care of your skin, hair, and
nails helps keep your whole body
healthy.
epidermis
dermis
melanin
sebaceous glands
hair follicles
melanoma
Your Skin
Skin protects you from pathogens, regulates
your body temperature, and helps you feel
sensations.
Skin is the largest organ on the human body.
Your Skin
The skin consists of two main layers, the
epidermis and the dermis.
Epidermis
The outer, thinner layer of the
skin that is composed of living
and dead cells
Your Skin
Just underneath the epidermis is the dermis.
Dermis
The thicker layer of the skin beneath
the epidermis that is made up of
connective tissue and contains blood
vessels and nerves
Your Skin
Cells in the epidermis make substances called
lipids, which make your skin waterproof.
This waterproofing helps the body maintain a
proper balance of water and electrolytes.
Your Skin
The more melanin that your body produces, the
darker the skin.
Melanin
A pigment that gives the skin, hair,
and iris of the eyes their color
Your Skin
Three Main Functions of Skin
Protection
Temperature
Control
Sensation
Your Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous
Layer
Your Skin
hair
dead epidermis
living epidermis
sweat pore
sebaceous gland
hair follicle
muscle
duct of sweat gland
sweat gland
artery
vein
nerve
fat tissue
Your Skin
Sebaceous glands are also found in the dermis.
Sebum helps keep skin and hair from drying out.
Sebaceous glands
Structures within the skin that
produce an oily secretion
called sebum
Keeping Your Skin Healthy
A daily routine will keep your skin healthy.
Keeping Your Skin Healthy
Tips for Keeping Your Skin Healthy
Wash your face every morning and evening with
mild soap and water.
Avoid touching your face with your hands.
Choose personal skin care products carefully to
avoid irritation and the chance of allergic reaction.
Follow a well-balanced eating plan that is rich in
vitamins and minerals.
Keeping Your Skin Healthy
An eating plan rich in vitamin
A will promote healthy skin.
UV Protection
Tanned skin is a sign that skin has been damaged
by UV rays.
Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to skin
cancer.
UV Protection
UV Protection Tips
Always wear sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or
higher on exposed areas of skin.
Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going
outside, even on cloudy days.
Wear protective clothing.
Wear sunglasses.
Avoid using tanning beds, as prolonged
exposure can lead to skin cancer.
Body Piercing and Tattooing
Infections from
bacteria
Health Risks of
Body Piecing and
Tattooing
Viruses from bloodborne pathogens
Damage to mouth
and teeth
Limit future job
opportunities and
relationships
Skin Problems
Acne occurs when clogged pores become infected
and pus forms.
Keep your face clean.
Apply over-the-counter treatments.
Avoid oily products and heavy makeup.
See a doctor if necessary.
Skin Problems
Warts are caused by viruses and can be spread
through direct physical contact.
Skin Problems
Dermatitis, or eczema, is inflamed skin usually
caused by an allergic reaction.
Keep your skin well moisturized to reduce irritation.
See a doctor if necessary.
Skin Problems
Boils form when hair follicles become infected. Do
not burst or squeeze a boil.
Hair follicles
Sacs or cavities that surround the
roots of hairs
Skin Problems
Fungal infections are spread by contact with skin,
clothing, or in public showers.
Keep skin clean and dry and treat with over-thecounter medicines.
Skin Problems
Vitiligo occurs when patches of skin lose melanin
and have no pigment.
Keep affected areas covered to avoid burns.
Skin Problems
Moles are usually harmless, but they can develop
into melanoma, which can be deadly.
Melanoma
The most serious form of
skin cancer
Skin Problems
Early detection and treatment are critical in
controlling the spread of melanoma.
Regularly checking the appearance of your moles
is important for the early detection of melanoma.
Skin Problems
The ABCD’S of Melanoma
Asymmetry
An imaginary line drawn through the center of
the mole does not produce matching halves.
Border
Irregularity
Non-cancerous moles have smooth edges.
Suspect moles often have irregular edges.
Color
Look for moles that are intensely black, possibly
with a bluish tint, or that have an uneven color.
Diameter
Check for moles that are wider across than the
width of a pea.
Skin Problems
A
B
C
D
Asymmetry
Border
Irregularity
Color
Diameter
Your Hair
Your hair protects your skin from UV
radiation and helps maintain body heat.
Hair grows on every surface of the skin,
except for the palms of the hand and the soles
of the feet.
Your Hair
Hair protects the skin from UV radiation and
prevents loss of heat from the body.
The eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from
dust and other particles.
Your Hair
Protecting Your Hair
Eat a well-balanced diet.
Brush daily.
Shampoo regularly.
Limit the use of harsh chemical treatments.
Avoid excessive use of heating irons or hot combs.
Hair Problems
Dandruff
Dead skin cells that are shed as
sticky white flakes.
Avoiding
Dandruff
Keep your hair clean.
Treating
Dandruff
Use over-the-counter dandruff
shampoo.
Hair Problems
Head Lice
Tiny parasitic insects that live in
scalp hair.
Avoiding
Head Lice
Don’t share brushes, combs, or hats.
Treating
Head Lice
Use a medicated shampoo to kill
the organisms.
Your Nails
Nails help protect your fingers and toes.
Your fingernails and toenails are made of
closely packed dead cells that contain keratin.
Your Nails
Any cut, split, or break of
the skin surrounding the
nail should be kept
clean and treated with
antibiotic ointment to
avoid infection.
Your Nails
Protecting Your Nails
Keep nails clean and evenly trimmed.
Use a nail file to shape and smooth nails.
Keep cuticles pushed back.
Trim toenails straight across and just slightly above the skin level.
Keep nails short.
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
1. Define the terms melanin and hair follicle.
Melanin is a pigment that gives the skin,
hair, and iris of the eye their color. A hair
follicle is a sac surrounding the hair root.
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
2. Explain the causes of acne. How is acne
treated?
Acne is caused by clogged skin pores. Treatment
includes: washing the face gently twice a day;
applying over-the-counter treatment creams;
avoiding the use of oily products or too much
makeup; not touching and picking at the skin; and
prescription medications for extreme cases.
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
3. What viruses can you potentially contract
through getting a tattoo?
Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV