Transcript The Integumentary System

PowerPoint® to accompany
Medical Assisting
Chapter 24
Second Edition
Ramutkowski  Booth  Pugh  Thompson  Whicker
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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The Integumentary System
Objectives
24-1 Spell, define, and correctly use the Key Terms in
this chapter.
24-2 List the functions of skin.
24-3 Explain the role of skin in regulating body
temperature.
24-4 Describe the layers of skin and the characteristics
of each layer.
24-5 Explain the factors that affect skin color.
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The Integumentary System
Objectives (cont.)
24-6 List the accessory organs of the skin and
describe their structures and functions.
24-7 Describe the appearance, causes, and treatments
of various types of skin cancer.
24-8 Describe the appearance, causes, and treatments
of common skin disorders.
24-9 Explain the ABCD rule and its use in evaluating
melanoma.
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The Integumentary System
Objectives (cont.)
24-10 List the different types of burns and describe
their appearance and treatments.
24-11 Describe the signs, symptoms, causes, and
treatments of other skin disorders and diseases.
23-15 Describe the different patterns of inheritance.
23-16 Describe the signs and symptoms of various
genetic conditions.
23-17 Describe the locations and characteristics of the
four main tissue types.
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Introduction
 Integumentary  Accessory organs:
system consists of  Hair follicles
skin and its
 Nails
accessory organs.  Skin glands
Skin is the body’s outer covering and its
largest organ.
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Functions of
Integumentary System
 Protection
 Body temperature regulation
 Vitamin D production
 Sensation
 Excretion
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Structure of Skin
Epidermis
 Stratum corneum
 Stratum basale
Dermis
Hypodermis
(subcutaneous)
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Skin Color
 Determined by
amount of melanin in
the epidermis of skin
 Range from
yellowish to
brownish
 The more melanin
the darker the skin
color
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Common Skin Disorders
 Alopecia – results
in hair loss
 Cellulitis –
inflammation of
connective tissue
in skin
 Dermatitis –
inflammation of
skin or a rash
 Eczema – chronic
dermatitis
 Folliculitis –
inflammation of
hair follicles
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Common Skin Disorders (cont.)
 Herpes simplex – Type 1 and 2
 Herpes zoster – shingles
 Impetigo – oozing skin lesions that
eventually crust over
 Psoriasis – inherited autoimmune
disorder
 Scabies – contagious skin condition
caused by mites
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Apply Your Knowledge
What is alopecia?
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Apply Your Knowledge -Answer
What is alopecia?
Alopecia results in hair loss
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Cancers
 Basal cell carcinoma – progresses slowly
and rarely spreads to other body parts
 Squamous cell –more likely to spread to
surrounding tissues
 Malignant melanoma – more aggressive;
occurs anywhere
 Most arise from melanocytes
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Cancers (cont.)
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Signs and symptoms:
 New growth or
sore that will not
heal
 Waxy, smooth, red,
pale, flat, or lumpy
 May or may not
bleed
Treatment:
 Curettage and
electrodessication
 Mohn’ surgery
 Cryosurgery
 Laser therapy
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Cancers (cont.)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Signs and symptoms:
 Arises from flat cells
of the epidermis
Treatment:
 Same as for basal cell
carcinoma
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Cancers (cont.)
Melanoma
Signs and Symptoms:
 Arise from melanocytes
 Appear on trunk, head,
neck of men
 Appear on arms and legs
of women
 Itches or bleeds
Treatment:
 Surgery & biopsy
 Removal of
cancerous lymph
nodes
 Chemotherapy
 Radiation therapy
 Immunotherapy
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Cancers (cont.)
Stages of Melanoma:
 Stage O – only found in epidermis
 Stage I – spread to epidermis and dermis
(1 to 2 mm thick)
 Stage II – 2 to 4 mm thick plus ulceration
 Stage III – spread to one or more lymph
nodes
 Stage IV – spread to other body organs or
lymph nodes far from original melanoma
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ABCD Rule to
Evaluate Melanoma
A – Asymmetry:the mole should not
become asymmetrical
B – Border should not become irregular
C – Color should not change or become a
mixture of colors
D – Diameter should not grow larger than
the diameter of a pencil eraser
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Apply Your Knowledge
The physician told you that the patient in
room three has stage IV melanoma. As you
walk back to her room, what should you
remember about stage IV melanoma?
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Apply Your Knowledge -Answer
The physician told you that the patient in
room three has stage IV melanoma. As you
walk back to her room, what should you
remember about stage IV melanoma?
Stage IV has spread to other body organs or
lymph nodes far from original melanoma.
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Accessory Organs of Skin
Hair follicles –
 Tube-like depressions in the dermis of skin,
generate hairs
Sebaceous glands
 Oil glands that produces sebum to keep
hair soft
Nails
 Protect the ends of fingers and toes
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Accessory Organs of Skin
(cont.)
Sweat glands
Located in the dermis of skin
Eccrine – produce watery type of
sweat
Apocrine – produces thicker type
of sweat
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Burns
Second leading cause of accidental
death in the U.S.
Rule of Nines is used to determine
severity (degree) of burn
Burn severity:
 First - degree
 Second - degree
 Third - degree
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Treatment of Burns
 Do not remove
anything sticking to
the burn
 Do not apply butter,
lotions, or ointments
 Cool with large
amounts of water
 Cover with sterile sheet
or plastic bag
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Apply Your Knowledge
Using Figure 24-5, determine burn
severity for a patient who has burnt his
anterior face, and both arms.
Click for Figure 24-5
Rule of Nines
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Apply Your Knowledge -Answer
Using Figure 24-5, determine burn
severity for a patient who has burnt his
head and both arms.
Head = 9%
Both arms, hands, and shoulders = 18% + 18%
9% + 18% + 18% = 45%
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Summary
Medical Assistant
Skin is the body’s outer covering and its
largest organ.
You need to have knowledge of the integumentary system in
order to assist the physician to care for patients with diseases
of the skin.
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End of Chapter
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