Transcript Chapter 15 Lesson 1 - Brimley Area Schools

Chapter 15 Lesson 1
Integumentary System
Functions of the Skin
• Your skin is the primary organ of your
Integumentary system
• This system includes, Skin, Hair, nails,
Sebaceous glands, Sweat glands
Functions of the Skin
Skin Provides these vital functions
1. Providing a protective covering for your
body
- Skin acts as a barrier between your internal
organs and the outside world
- shields from injury, pathogens, ultraviolet
rays
- Helps maintain the body’s balanceof fluid and
electrolytes
Functions of the Skin
2. Regulating body temperature
- Helps keep body temperature constant
- When body hot, tiny blood vessels enlarge
permitting heat to escape (radiation)
-Sweat glands become active, releasing
perspiration, which cools the skin, dropping the
body temperature
Functions of the Skin
3. Enabling you to sense the world
around you
- Skin is a major sense organ that serves
as a means of communication with the
outside environment
- Nerve endings in your skin are
responsive to touch, pain, pressure, and
temperature
Structure of the Skin
• Skin Has 2 main layers
– Epidermis – The outer, thinner layer of skin
– Dermis – The thicker inner layer
Epidermis
• Made up of both living and dead cells
• Form a tough protective coating
• Epidermis contains a fatty substance called
lipids that makes the skin waterproof
• When dead cells shed replaced by new cells
• Some cells produce Melanin – Pigment that
gives skin, hair, eyes their color
• The more Melanin the greater protection from
the sun and ultraviolet rays that have been
connected to cancer
Dermis
• Made up of connective tissue that gives
the skin its elasticity
• Nerve endings and hair follicles extend
into the dermis
• So do the sweat glands and sebaceous
glands
• Below the dermis is tissue called the
hypodermis. It is not part of your skin, but
it attaches the skin to bone and muscle
Skin Care
Skin Care
• Good personal hygiene land a balanced
eating style promote healthy skin
• Daily washing, bathing, or showering
slows the growth of bacteria that causes
body odor
• Vitamin A helps promote healthy skin
• Milk, egg yolks, liver, green leafy and
yellow vegatables and yellow fruits
Problems of the Skin
Ring worm
Ring worm
• Ring worm is a common fungal infection
that affects various parts of the body
• It gets its name from the ring shaped,
scaly reddened or blistery patches
Athletes foot
Athletes foot
• The same fungus that causes ringworm
causes athletes foot
• Fungal infection between the toes
• Associated with wearing shoes and
sweating
• Highly contagious
Boils
Boils
• An inflamed, pus filled area of the skin,
usually an infected hair follicle
• Cause is Staphylococcus aureus
• Keeping skin clean helps prevent boils
• Never squeeze or burst a boil; this can
spread the infection
• Boils can be serious and if large, should
be treated by a doctor
Warts
Warts
• Contagious growths on the outer layer of
the skin
• Most are painless an harmless, but the
virus that causes them can spread to other
parts of the body and form more warts
Moles
Moles
• Moles are small, usually round, slightly
thickened brown to dark brown spots on
the skin
• Usually harmless
• If mole suddenly appears, grows, bleeds,
or changes color, shape consult a
physician immediately
Psoriasis
Psoriasis
• Skin disease in which thickened paths of
inflamed, red skin form, often covered by
white, flaking scales
• Should be treated by a physician
• Cause not known but can be a lifetime
skin problem if not treated
Vitiligo
Vitiligo
• Disorder in which patches of skin lose their
color
• The affected areas are extremely sensitive
to sunlight and should be protected
• Believed to be an auto immune disorder
that causes an absence of the skin cells
that produce melanin
• No cure, but about 30% of cases the color
returns on it own
Impetigo
Impetigo
• A streptococcal infection in which bacteria
enter a small break in the skin
• This infection is highly contagious
Blisters
Blisters
• Raised area filled with a watery fluid
• They usually result form the skin being
rubbed against the inside of your shoe
• Burns may blister also
• Keep it from breaking and leave t heal on
its own
Callus
Callus
• Area of thickened skin that forms as a
result of regular or continued friction
• Musicians who play stringed instruments
often develop calluses on their fingers
• Calluses can be reduced by rubbing them
with a porous stone called pumice
Corn
Corn
• Callus on toe caused by the pressure of a
tight fitting shoe
• Spongy corn pads can relieve the
pressure that makes corns painful
• Wearing shoes that fit properly is the main
way to prevent corns