Transcript The Integumentary System - Hoffman Estates High School

The Integumentary System
By: Me and Luciano
What is it?
• It is the system composed of hair, skin and
nails.
• A system is an association of two or more
organs that work together to do something
Hair
Skin
Nail
Skin
• Largest organ of the body
• 2 layers: dermis (lower)
and epidermis (upper)
• SA of 1 to 2 meters
• 16% of body weight
A: common sweat gland
B: hair follicle
C: arrector pili
D: sebaceous gland
E: hair shaft
F: epidermis
G: dermis – pars papillaris
H: dermis – pars reticularis
I: hypodermis
Skin Parts
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Arrector Pili – Erects hair during cold or emotional stress
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Sebaceous Gland – Oil gland; Keeps skin from drying out
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Epidermis – Upper layer of skin; Protects dermis and rest of body
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Dermis – Below epidermis; Contains nerve-endings, sweat and
subaceous glands, and blood and lymph vessels
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Hypodermis – Independent fat cells below dermis
A: common sweat
gland
B: hair follicle
C: arrector pili
D: sebaceous gland
E: hair shaft
F: epidermis
G: dermis – pars
papillaris
H: dermis – pars
reticularis
I: hypodermis
Skin Functions in Homeostasis
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Protection
Body temperature regulation
Sensory reception
Water balance
Syntheses of vitamins and hormones
Absorption of materials
Common Skin Pathology
• Apocrine glands produce a solution that bacteria act upon
to produce body odor
• If the sebaceous glands become plugged and infected, it
becomes a blemish or pimple
• Cancer: carcinoma and melanoma
• Contact dermatitis (e.g. poison ivy)
• Burns – First, second and third degree
• Wrinkles
• Calluses
• Moles
• Psoriasis
• Hair loss
• Frostbite
Common Pathology Pictures
Dermatitis
Warts
Part 2
Nickel Allergy
Melanoma
Kaposi’s Saracoma
Wrinkles
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Major difference between young and old
Loss of elasticity
More common in light-skinned people
Cross-linking collagen fibers
Thick vs. Thin
Thin Skin = Thin Epidermis
Thick vs. Thin Part II
• Epidermis of thick skin is 10x epidermis of
thin.
• The different is in the thickness of the st.
corneum
• Thickest skin on body is the thin skin on the
back
Miscellaneous Skin Info
• Epidermis replaces itself every 15-30 days
Sweat Glands
(Common)
•Classification-Simple coiled tubular
•Secretory Units-Shape like tubules
•Ducts-Unbranched
•Found through out the body
•Most common in forehead
•Begin functioning at birth
A: Common sweat gland (duct)
B: Myoepithelial cell
C: Common sweat gland (secretory unit)
Sweat Gland ‘apocrine’
(Large)
• Classification-Simple coiled
tubular
• Secretory Units-Shape like tubules
• Ducts-Unbranched
• Secretory units much larger than in
common glands
Skin Color (pigment)
• Melanin (yellow-brown-black)
• Carotene (yellow- orange)
- accumulates in corneum
• Hemoglobin (red)
• Erythema vs. Cyanosis
-Influenced by blood flow, liver (jaundice)
Hair
• Derived from skin
• Extends above the skin surface
• Made of Keratin
D: Cortex
E: Medulla
Hair follicle
Hair Diseases
• Baldness –Loss of hair
• Hair thinning – thinning of hair
• Hair graying –graying of hair
Nails
• Highly Keratinized, modified epidermal
cells
• Arises from nail bed.
• Rate of growth depends on finger length
Nail Diagram
Nail Pathology
• Nail Fungus
• Ingrown nail
Bibliography
Jason’s Bibliography
• Body Systems
• The Human Body (its structure
and operation)
• http://www.exn.ca/human/home
.cfm
• http://www.dermnet.org.nz
• http://www.kidinfo.com/health/
Human_Body.html
• http://www.dictionary.com
• http://www.medicaldictionary.c
om/
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Luciano’s Bibliography
How the Body works
The Human Body
http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/
bio/bio181/BIOBK/BioBookIN
TEGUSYS.html
http://www.med.sc.edu/hightow
er/askinnoBG/sld001.htm
http://www.anatomy.gatech.edu
/aging/skin/tsld001.htm