Transcript Medical_Terminology12_Integumentary

The Language Of
Medicine
Dr. Michael P. Gillespie
CHAPTER 16
SKIN
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CHAPTER GOALS
Name the layers of the skin and the accessory
structures associated with the skin.
 Build medical words using the combining forms
that are related to the specialty of dermatology.
 Identify lesions, signs, and symptoms, and
pathologic conditions that relate to the skin.

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CHAPTER GOALS

Describe laboratory tests and clinical
procedures that pertain to the skin and
recognize relevant abbreviations.

Apply your new knowledge to
understanding medical terms in their
proper contexts, such as medical reports
and records.
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INTRODUCTION
Skin: integumentary system
 weighs 8 to10 lbs.
 covers 22 sq. ft. in average adult
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FUNCTIONS OF SKIN

Provides protective membrane

Skin glands lubricate and cool the skin

Receptor for sensations

Helps maintain body temperature
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FUNCTIONS OF SKIN
Produces sweat: sweat glands produce watery
secretion that evaporates and cools
Produces sebum: sebaceous glands produce oily
secretion that lubricates skin and hair
Receives sensation: pain, temperature, pressure,
and touch
Thermoregulates: interprets message from heat
center in the brain
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STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN
Epidermis: outermost, thin cellular
membrane
Dermis: next layer; dense fibrous,
connective tissue
Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis): thick,
fat-containing tissue
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STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN
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STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN
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ACESSORY ORGANS OF THE SKIN
HAIR: cells filled with the hard protein;
keratin





Hair follicles: shafts that hold the hair
Five million hairs on body; 100,000 on
head
Melanocytes at the root form the color
Grow .5 inch (1.3 cm) per month
Cutting does not affect growth
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ACCESSORY ORGANS OF THE SKIN
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ACCESSORY ORGANS OF SKIN
NAILS: hard keratin plates
covering toes and fingers
lunula
 cuticle
 paronychium

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ACCESSORY ORGANS OF SKIN
GLANDS: sebaceous and sweat
 Sebaceous glands secrete oily sebum into hair
follicle to lubricate.
 Sweat glands secrete into pores to moisten and
cool.
 Both are subject to bacterial growth.
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ACCESSORY ORGANS OF SKIN
Sebaceous gland, eccrine sweat gland, and
apocrine sweat gland.
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COMBINING FORMS
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
adip/o
 albin/o
 caus/o
 cauter/o
 cutane/o
 derm/o/

Meaning
fat
white
burn, burning
heat, burn
skin
skin
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COMBINING FORMS
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
dermat/o
 diaphor/o
 erythem/o
 erythemat/o
 hidr/o
 ichthy/o

Meaning
skin
profuse sweating
redness
redness
sweat
scaly, dry
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COMBINING FORMS
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
kerat/o
 leuk/o
 lip/o
 melan/o
 myc/o
 onych/o

Meaning
hard, horny tissue
white
fat
black
fungus
nail
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COMBINING FORMS
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
phyt/o
 pil/o
 py/o
 rhythid/o
 seb/o
 squam/o
plant
hair, hair follicle
pus
wrinkle
sebum
scalelike

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COMBINING FORMS
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
steat/o
 trich/o
 ungu/o
 xanth/o
 xer/o

Meaning
fat
hair
nail
yellow
dry
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QUICK QUIZ:
1. Which combining form refers to
white?
A. chlor/o
B. jaund/o
C. melan/o
D. albin/o
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QUICK QUIZ:
2. Which combining form refers to
the same color as jaund/o?
A. xanth/o
B. chlor/o
C. erythr/o
D. cyan/o
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COLORS
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CUTANEOUS
LESIONS
Label the lesions
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CUTANEOUS
LESIONS
Review the lesions
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Alopecia:
absence of hair where it normally grows
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Ecchymosis: blue-black marks on the skin
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Petechia: small pinpoint hemorrhage
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Urticaria: acute allergic reaction with red, round wheals
on skin
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ABNORMAL CONDITIONS
Acne: papular and pustular eruption of skin with
increased production of sebum
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ABNORMAL CONDITIONS
Burns: injury to tissue due to heat, chemical,
electric shock, lightning or radiation. Image
shows (A) Second degree burn and (B) Third
degree burn.
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ABNORMAL CONDITIONS
Cellulitis: diffuse acute infection of skin
 Eczema: inflammation of skin with
erythematous and papulovesicular lesions
caused by allergy
 Exanthematous viral diseases: rash due to
virus (for example, rubella)
 Gangrene: death of tissue with loss of blood
supply

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ABNORMAL CONDITIONS




Impetigo: contagious pyoderma caused by staph or strep
Psoriasis: chronic recurrent dermatosis with silver gray scales
that itch
Scabies: parasitic (tiny mites) and infectious pruritus
Scleroderma: chronic and progressive disease of skin with
hardening of connective tissue
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ABNORMAL CONDITIONS

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE):
inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints,
and internal organs
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ABNORMAL CONDITIONS
Tinea: infection of the skin caused by fungus
Tinea corporis
Tinea unguium
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ABNORMAL CONDITIONS
Vitiligo: Loss of pigment in areas of skin
Vitiligo
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SKIN NEOPLASMS — BENIGN
Callus
Keloid
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SKIN NEOPLASMS — BENIGN
Keratosis: thickened area of epidermis
 Leukoplakia: white thickened patches on
tongue or cheek
 Nevus: pigmented lesion
 Verruca: warts caused by virus

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SKIN NEOPLASMS — CANCEROUS
Basal cell carcinoma
Malignant tumor of the
basal cell layer of the
epidermis
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SKIN NEOPLASMS — CANCEROUS
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant tumor of
the squamous
epithelial cells of
the epidermis.
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SKIN NEOPLASMS — CANCEROUS
The ABCDs of malignant
melanoma.
A.
Asymmetry
B. Border,
irregular or
circumscribed
C. Color
variation
D. Diameter,
usually larger
than 6mm
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SKIN NEOPLASMS — CANCEROUS
Kaposi sarcoma
Malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth
characterized by cutaneous nodules.
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LABORATORY TESTS
Bacterial analyses: pus or fluid
samples examined to detect
microorganisms
Fungal tests: scrapings for culture and
microscopic examination after
treatment with KOH
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CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Cryosurgery: destroy tissue with
subzero temperatures using liquid
nitrogen
Curettage: scrape lesion with sharp
curet
Electrodesiccation: destroy tissue by
burning with electric spark
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CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Mohs surgery: remove thin layers of
growth to examine under microscope
(basal and squamous cell)
Skin biopsy: punch and shave to
remove for examination in path lab
Skin test: test reaction of body to
allergen with skin test (scratch or patch tests)
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ABBREVIATIONS

ABCDE

bx
Derm.
DLE
PPD
PUVA
SLE
SC






asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution
(or change) —characteristics associated with
melanoma
biopsy
dermatology
discoid lupus erythematosus
purified protein derivative
psoralen-ultravoilet A light therapy
systemic lupus erythematosus
subcutaneous
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
adip/o
 albin/o
 caus/o
 cauter/o
 cutane/o
 derm/o

Meaning
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
adip/o
 albin/o
 caus/o
 cauter/o
 cutane/o
 derm/o

Meaning
fat
white
burn, burning
heat, burn
skin
skin
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
dermat/o
 diaphor/o
 erythem/o
 erythemat/o
 hidr/o
 ichthy/o

Meaning
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
dermat/o
 diaphor/o
 erythem/o
 erythemat/o
 hidr/o
 ichthy/o

Meaning
skin
profuse sweating
redness
redness
sweat
scaly, dry
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
kerat/o
 leuk/o
 lip/o
 melan/o
 myc/o
 onych/o

Meaning
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
kerat/o
 leuk/o
 lip/o
 melan/o
 myc/o
 onych/o

Meaning
hard, horny tissue
white
fat
black
fungus
nail
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
phyt/o
 pil/o
 py/o
 rhythid/o
 seb/o
 sabace/o
 squam/o

Meaning
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
phyt/o
 pil/o
 py/o
 rhythid/o
 seb/o
 squam/o

Meaning
plant
hair, hair follicle
pus
wrinkle
sebum
scale-like
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
steat/o
 trich/o
 ungu/o
 xanth/o
 xer/o

Meaning
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
steat/o
 trich/o
 ungu/o
 xanth/o
 xer/o

Meaning
fat
hair
nail
yellow
dry
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REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
-algia
 -derma
 -esis
 -lysis
 -ose

Meaning
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
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REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
-algia
 -derma
 -esis
 -lysis


-ose
Meaning
pain
skin
condition
breakdown; separation;
destruction; loosening
full of; pertaining to;
sugar
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REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
-osis
 -ous
 -plakia
 -plasty
 -rrhea

Meaning
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
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Review Sheet
SUFFIXES
Suffix

-osis
-ous
 -plakia
 -plasty
 -rrhea

Meaning
condition, usually
abnormal
pertaining to
plaque
surgical repair
flow; discharge
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