Transcript Burns

Instructor – Cindy Quisenberry
INTEGUMENTARY DISORDERS
MACULE – FLAT SPOTS (LIGHT OR DARK)
MACULE – FLAT SPOTS (LIGHT OR DARK)
PAPULE – SMALL, FIRM, RAISED AREA
(EXAMPLE: PIMPLE)
VESICLE – SMALL BLISTER (EXAMPLE:
CHICKENPOX
BULLA – LARGE BLISTER
BULLA – LARGE BLISTER
PUSTULE –
small elevation with WBC’s, sometimes bacteria
or other cells (pus filled sacs – example: pimple)
WHEAL – ITCHY, ELEVATED AREAS WITH AN
IRREGULAR SHAPE (EXAMPLE – INSECT BITE)
ULCER – DEEP LOSS OF SKIN SURFACE THAT
MAY EXTEND INTO THE DERMIS; MAY CAUSE
PERIODIC BLEEDING AND THE FORMATION OF SCARS
(Individuals at risk are Diabetics, Peripheral Vascular Disease,
Decreased Mobility, etc.)
DECUBITUS ULCER – CAUSED FROM POOR
NUTRITION, PRESSURE ON THE SKIN (over bony
prominences, POOR CIRCULATION (ie: Diabetes Mellitus,
PVD, etc. )
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Prevention
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Turn at least every 2
hours
Lotion skin
Heel/elbow protectors,
air mattress, egg crate
mattress, etc.
Pillow between bony
prominences
Elevate bony
prominences off of
mattress
ULCER STAGING
FISSURE – CRACK IN THE SKIN
FURUNCLE (BOIL) –
localized, originating in hair follicle
CARBUNCLE –
An abscess of the skin, formed by the merger of
two or more boils
ABSCESS –
A localized collection of pus in any body part that
results from invasion of a pyogenic bacterium or
other pathogen
GANGRENE – NECROSIS OR DEATH OF TISSUE
BED POSITIONS
BED POSITIONS
BED POSITIONS
BED POSITIONS
BED POSITIONS
BURN CLASSIFICATIONS
SECOND DEGREE BURN
SECOND DEGREE BURN
THIRD DEGREE BURN
THIRD DEGREE BURN
RULE OF NINES

The rule of nines is a standardized method
used to quickly assess how much body surface
area (BSA) has been burned on a patient. This
rule is only applied to partial thickness (2nd
degree) and full thickness (3rd degree) burns.
FOURTH DEGREE BURN
RULE OF NINES
The diagram depicts BSA percentages for adults and infants of
one year or less.
RULE OF NINES

For children over the age of one year, for each
year above one, add 0.5% to each leg and
subtract 1% for the head. This formula should
be used until the adult rule of nines values are
reached. For example, a 5-year old child would
be +2% for each leg and -4% for the head
SKIN GRAFT
SKIN GRAFT
SKIN GRAFT
IMPETIGO – CAUSED BY STAPH OR STREP
Treatment – Oral and/or Topical Antibiotics
RUBELLA
Everyone should be immunized – Dangerous to
non-immunized pregnant women
RINGWORM – CAUSED BY FUNGUS
Treatment – Topical antifungal medication
CHICKEN POX– CAUSED BY HERPES VARICELLA
Vaccine available for prevention
SHINGLES – CAUSED BY HERPES ZOSTER
Treatment – Zovirax /Acyclovir – antiviral med.
Vaccine available for prevention
PEDICULOSIS – LICE
Treatment – pediculicide
SCABIES – CONTAGIOUS SKIN ERUPTION CAUSED
BY MITES
Treatment – Permethrin (scabicidal)
PSORIASIS – CHRONIC SKIN DISORDER; ETIOLOGY
UNKNOWN, BUT POSSIBLE IMMUNE DYSREGULATION;
POSSIBLE GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO THIS DISORDER
Treatment – Biologic, Systemic meds.,
Phototherapy, Topicals (corticosteriods, coal tar derivatives)
SKIN CANCER CHARACTERISTICS
Basal
Squamous
Melanoma
A - Asymmetry
B - Border
C - Color
D - Diameter
E - Evolving