Transcript SC.5.E.5.1, SC.5.E.5.3, SC.4.E.5.4 - Earth in Space

Big Idea 5: Earth in
Space and Time
SC.5.E.5.1, SC.5.E.5.2, SC.5.E.5.3, SC.4.E.5.4
Department of Science
Big Idea 5: Earth in Space and Time
Benchmarks
•SC.5.E.5.1 Recognize that a galaxy consists of gas, dust, and many stars, including any
objects orbiting the stars. Identify our home galaxy as the Milky Way. AA Cognitive
Complexity: Level 1: Recall
•SC.5.E.5.2 Recognize the major common characteristics of all planets and compare/contrast
the properties of inner and outer planets. Assessed as SC.5.E.5.1. Cognitive Complexity:
Level 2: Basic Application of Skills & Concepts
•SC.5.E.5.3 Distinguish among the following objects of the Solar System—Sun, planets,
moons, asteroids, comets – and identify Earth’s position in it. Assessed as SC.5.E.5.1
Cognitive Complexity: Level 3: Strategic Thinking & Complex Reasoning
•SC.4.E.5.4 Relate that the rotation of Earth (day and night) and apparent movements of the
sun, moon, and stars are connected. AA Also assesses SC.4.E.5.1, SC.4.E.5.2, SC.4.E.5.3.
•SC.4.E.5.1 Observe that the patterns of stars in the sky stay the same although they appear
to shift across the sky nightly and different stars can be seen in different seasons. Assessed
as SC.4.E.5.4 .
•SC.4.E.5.2 Describe the changes in observable shape of the moon over the course of about
a month. Assessed as SC.4.E.5.4.
•SC.4.E.5.3 Recognize that Earth revolves around the Sun in a year and rotates on its axis in
a 24-hour day. Assessed as SC.4.E.5.4.
Department of Science
Does This Matter to Me?
P-SELL Big Idea 5
Earth in Space and
Time
Student Book p. 166
This picture, courtesy of NASA, our national space
program, is an artist's rendering of the planned
Space Launch System as a rocket lifts off with the
Orion spacecraft atop. The Orion spacecraft is
already built and ready at Cape Canaveral in Florida.
The Space Shuttle program provided successful lowEarth orbit missions, but NASA's heavy-lift launch
vehicle will provide a new capability for human
exploration beyond low-Earth orbit. The Space
Launch System, shown here with Orion on it, is
designed to be flexible for launching spacecraft for
crew and cargo missions that will go far beyond to
the moon again, to explore asteroids, and even to go
to Mars. It will be people who are your age right
now, maybe even you, who will be the ones to go on
these exciting missions.Department of Science
Discuss these questions in your groups:
1. How is our view of our Sun different from our view of other
stars?
2. How and why does the moon's appearance change over the
course of a month?
3. Why do the positions of the moon, stars, and planets change in
the night sky?
p. 167
Department of Science
The Milky Way and Other Galaxies
p. 167
What is a galaxy?
•A galaxy is a system that contains many stars, star
systems, dust, and any objects orbiting stars (such
as planets).
What is our galaxy?
•The Milky Way is the name of our galaxy. It is the
home of our solar system that includes the Earth, the
other planets, comets, meteors and our star, the Sun.
•Try out this tutorial from floridastudents.org:
What's the Matter in the Galaxy?
Department of Science
The Sun
What do you know about the sun?
• The sun is the closest star
to Earth.
• The sun is a big ball of hot
gases.
• The sun gives off two kinds of
energy: light and heat. This is
called solar energy.
• The sun is so large that more than a million Earths
could fit inside it.
p. 167
The Sun and Stars
p. 167
• Stars are made of gas and give off light energy.
• Stars come in all different sizes.
• Our Sun is a medium star and the standard used for
comparing all other star sizes.
• The biggest stars are called super giants.
Some are 500 times larger than the Sun.
• Some of the smallest stars are white dwarfs.
Many are 1/100 the size of the Sun - roughly the size of Earth
• There are more than 300 billion stars in the
Milky Way.
p. 167-168
Let’s Compare some Stars to the Sun
Which stars are larger than our Sun?
Explain why these larger stars look so much
smaller than our Sun.
Department of Science
Our Solar System
What is it?
p. 169
That’s right. A system where planets revolve around a sun or a
star.
Let’s explore Windows to the Universe Resource Link to learn more:
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/our_solar_system/solar_system.html
Planets
p. 169
Let’s watch an introduction to the planets and read
about planets.
What did you learn?
•A planet is a large spherical body that orbits in a clear
path around a star and don’t produce light.
How many planets are in our Solar System?
•There are eight planets – 4 inner and 4 outer planets
What do you know about the Planets?
Read Planets p. 169
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the inner planets.
What do they have in common?
• Inner planets are closest to the sun.
• Inner planets are small and mostly solid.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are the outer planets.
What do they have in common?
• Outer planets are farthest from the sun.
• They are many times larger and made mostly of gases.
• Outer planets have many moons.
DE Explorations: Your Place in Space: Our Solar System
and
Planets in our Solar System
Make a foldable: Inner Planets
Make a foldable: Outer Planets
Let’s Compare the Planets
(Study Jams)
Inner Planets
Size: Small
Rocky and Solid
Few or no moons
Temperature: Hot to warm
• Mercury
• Venus
• Earth (one moon)
• Mars (two moons)
Outer Planets
Size: Large
Composed of gas and dust
Many moons
Temperature: Cool to cold
• Jupiter
• Saturn
• Uranus
• Neptune
Use facts you’ve learned about planets
to copy and fill in the sentences below:
Language
Development
Act. 5.1
________________ are different from ________________
in that ____________________ are ________________
than the ________________.
Example:
Inner Planets are different from outer planets in that inner planets are
closer to the sun than the outer planets.
___________ is/are similar to ____________________
in that ______________________
Example:
Jupiter is similar to Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune in that all have rings.
Department of Science
What are the eight planets
in our Solar System?
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Can you come up with a sentence to
help you remember the names of the
planets in order?
(My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us
Noodles!)
p. 170
Planet Characteristics
Use PSELL Planet Information Tables on pp. 171-172 to complete the table.
Planet
Size
Length of Its Orbit
Composition of Planet
(small / large)
(compared to Earth’s year or
another planet’s)
Number of Moon
Diameter
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Department of Science
Other
Planet Characteristics
Planet
Size
Length of Its Orbit
(small / large)
(Compared to Earth’s year or
another planet’s)
Diameter
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Small
small
small
small
Shortest - 88 Earth days
Longer than Mercury but shorter
than Earth’s – 224.7 Earth days
Longer than Venus but shorter than
Mar’s or 365 ¼ days
Longer than Earth but shorter than
Jupiter’s – 687 Earth days
Largest Planet Longer than Mars but shorter than
Neptune’s - 4,329 Earth days
Large
Large
Large
Longer than Jupiter but shorter than
Uranus’s – 10,752 Earth daus
Longer than Saturn but shorter than
Neptune’s – 30, 660 Earth days
Longer than Pluto’s – 60,152 Earth
days
Composition of
Planet
Other
Numbers of moons
Rocky
No moons
Rocky
No moons
Rocky
1 moon
Rocky
2 moons
Gases and dust
Many moons
Gases and dust
Many moons
Gases and dust
Many moons
Gases and dust
Many moons
Answers will
vary.
Comparing Planets in Our Solar System
Planet
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Number of Moons Length of Year
in Earth Days
0
0
1
2
63
62
27
13
88
224.7
365
687
4,329
10,752
30,660
60,152
Modeling the Solar System
Assignment: Create a model of the solar system to scale, label
planets and describe planet characteristics.
Resources:
•PSELL Inquiry 10: Modeling the Solar System pp. 175 – 180
•IR Gr. 5 Q2: Solar System Model and “Planet Walk”
•Gr. 5 SF Inquiry How can you make a model of the Solar System.
•http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/planet-masks/en/
•GIZMOS – Solar System
•http://www.windows2universe.org/our_solar_system/solar_system.html
•Planetary Mysteries Tour
Making Connections
1. What did you learn about the distances of the
planets from the Sun and from each other?
2. Think about the orbits of the planets around the
Sun. If a planet is farther from the Sun, will its
orbit be longer or shorter?
3. Which planet has the shortest year? Which planet
has the longest year? Explain your reasoning.
4. Based on the distances from the Sun, what can
you infer about the temperatures of the outer
planets?
5. How does this activity relate to what happens in
the real world?
Department of Science
Compare the Inner Planets and Outer Planets
p. 180
Department of Mathematics and Science
Other Space Objects
What is the difference between
Asteroids and Comets?
p. 181
What are Asteroids?
p. 181
Asteroids are
LARGE chunks
of rock and metal
that orbit the sun.
They range from just
over ½ a mile (1km)
to a few hundred
miles in diameter
(diameter = how
wide across)
Make an asteroid model.
Asteroids……Rockin’ Around
Most asteroids travel in
the wide gap between
the inner planets and
outer planets (between
Mars and Jupiter).
But a few travel in paths
across Mar’s orbit and
some even cross in
Earth’s orbit.
What are Comets?
p. 181
• Comets are balls of ice and
rock that are seen moving
across the sky.
• A comet's body has two
parts, a head called a coma
and a tail.
• As they revolve around the
Sun, their tail grows longer
because the ice in the head
Make a comet boils away.
on a stick.
• Comets move about the
Solar System in orbits that
take them far from the Sun.
Department of Science
Comets……… Balls of Ice
They can be seen by us when they pass by the sun and
the sun’s heat melts the ice in their head or coma and
their tail grows longer.
The comet's tail is made of material from the comet; gas
from the ice and dust mixed in together. It escapes as
the comet melts.
The tail always points away from the sun due to the
solar winds (movement of heat away from sun)
Department of Science
What’s the Difference?
Comet
Asteroid
• Comets are balls of ice –
mostly frozen gases and
rock
• A comet's body has two
parts, a head and a tail.
• As they revolve around
the Sun, their tail grows
longer because the ice in
the head boils away.
• Move in orbits that take
them far from the Sun.
• Asteroids are irregularly
shaped objects made up
of rocks and metals too
small to be classified as
planets.
• Revolve around the Sun.
• Most are present in a
band located between
the orbits of Mars and
Jupiter, known as the
asteroid belt.
Department of Mathematics and Science
The Movement of the Earth
Around the Sun
How is the Earth moving?
1. It turns or rotates spinning on its axis in a 24 hour day.
Let’s do the Discovery Ed. Cycle of Day and Night exploration.
2. It revolves around the sun.
Hands-on Activity: It’s Apparent
Materials:
AIMS Gr. 4 Earth Science foldable: It’s Apparent
tennis ball
skewer
thumbtack
flashlight or lamp without a shade
pp. 181-182
Now let’s read It’s Apparent and use the materials and directions to
explore Earth’s movements.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Observe the Sun Activity
Essential Question: How can I observe the apparent movement of
the Sun across the sky?
Materials: 5 cm straw, lump of clay, compass, ruler, pencil, sun
Procedures:
1. Label the direction words North, South, East and West along
the edge of the paper plate.
2. Put a small lump of clay in the center of the plate, and stick the
straw upright in the clay.
3. Place this sundial in a sunny spot outside that is exposed to the
sun for several hours.
4. Use the compass the identify North and make sure the label
North on the sundial is pointing North.
5. Observe the straw’s shadow on the sundial every hour.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Shadows and Directions on Sundial
Observations (Data)
Time
Shadow
Length
Direction Sun is Pointing
(North, South, East, West)
Position of Sun in Sky
(North, South, East, West)
After each hourly observation, record data and then look at
another group’s sundial and compare yours to theirs. Record
Group ____ Then answer:
How does your shadow compare to another group’s shadow on
Department of Science
their sundial?
Shadows on Sundial
Time
Shadow
Length
Direction Sun is Pointing
(North, South, East, West)
Position of Sun in Sky
(North, South, East, West)
Connected Learning:
1.How does the position of the shadow change during the day?
2.How would you describe the Sun’s apparent movement in the sky?
3.What is the relationship between the Sun’s position in the sky, and the
direction of a shadow movement on Earth?
Let’s look again at the
Movement of the Earth
How else is the Earth moving?
• It orbits or revolves around the Sun.
• 365 ¼ days = 1 year
Let’s read Rotation and Revolution.
Let’s explore: Fun-damental - Cycles in the Sky:
Earth and Sun
Department of Mathematics and Science
Appearance of the Moon
p. 183
Up in the Sky
The planets and their moons and the Sun up in the sky
Make up our solar system stretching far and wide.
The Earth and the other planets all spin around the Sun.
What spins around the Earth and can be seen by everyone?
The Moon
Round and round the Earth spins a moon that’s all our own.
With mountains and craters that are hard as stone.
The moon seems to change from full to very thin.
Did you notice it last night? Did it look just like a grin?
What comes to mind when you look at the moon?
Department of Mathematics and Science
Phases of the Moon
:
Department of Mathematics and Science
pp. 183-186
Lunar Looking Activities
Essential Question: What changes do we observe
in the appearance of the moon each month.
p. 185
Explore Activities:
• Moon Phases Activity: Modeling the Movement of the
Earth and the Moon Big Idea 5 p.185
• Moon Phases Demonstration from NSTA
• View the moon phases and make a moon watch flip book
• Try Discovery Ed: Cycles in the Sky: Moon Phases
• View Gizmos: Phases of the Moon
Department of Mathematics and Science
Phases of the Moon Reflection
Fill in the blanks to describe exploring
the phases of the moon using models
Word Bank: ball, Earth, flashlight, lamp, student, sun
In our model, the __________ represented the _________,
the __________ represented the _________, and the
__________ represented the _________. The model
showed how the ______ moves around the _______ and
how the ______ moves around the _______.
Resource sites to find the current moon phase:
•http://lunaf.com/english/live-data/moon-phase/
•http://www.calendar-365.com/moon/current-moon-phase.html
Moon phase chart resource: moon watch flip book
Department of Mathematics and Science
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Moon Phases
Making Connections
How does the moon look when it is full?
What moon phase was visible yesterday?
Do you always see the moon at night? Explain.
How can you tell the difference between a first
quarter moon and a last quarter moon?
What view do astronauts have of the Earth and
the moon as they orbit the Earth?
What other things in the sky occur in a sequence
or cycle?
Department of Mathematics and Science
Moon Phase Quiz
1. New Moon
A.
2. First Quarter
B.
C.
3. Full Moon
4. Third Quarter
D.
Department of Mathematics and Science
What Did You Learn?
TAG Reflection:
•Tell a fact you learned about Earth, the moon and/
or the sun.
•Ask a question about something you don’t
understand about Earth in space?
•Give another idea that you learned in our study of
the Earth, moon, and the sun.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Star Patterns in the Night Sky
pp. 187-188
Do the patterns of stars or constellations in the sky stay the
same?
Do we always see the same patterns of stars or constellations
of stars nightly?
Let’s explore DE Constellations.
What did you learn?
The patterns of stars or constellation stay the same but are
seen in different places in the night sky throughout the
night and in different seasons.
Department of Mathematics and Science
What do you know?
1. What is a constellation?
Answer: A constellation is a group of stars that forms a pattern or
image.
2. Why do stars appear to move across the night sky?
Answer: The first reason is because of Earth’s rotation on its axis. The
second reason is because the Earth is revolving around the sun. The
patterns of stars or constellations change with the seasons as Earth is
orbiting around the sun in one year.
3. Why do patterns of stars (constellations) change with the seasons?
Answer: The constellations have been in the same positions for
thousands of years. As Earth orbits the sun, it goes through different
areas of space. This means that each season Earth is in a different part
of space. For this reason, the constellations that can be seen from
Department of Mathematics and Science
Earth change with the seasons.
Earth in Space and Time
p. 188
1. Use your notes and if available a PSELL Student
booklet to discuss with a partner what you
learned from our study of Earth in Space.
2. Then compare your ideas to PSELL Big Idea 5
Student Book p. 188
3. Create a poster (anchor chart) highlighting
science learned about Big Idea 5: Earth in Space
and Time.
4. Try out the Earth in Space Game Stations.
Department of Science