Transcript Week 10 - Galaxies and Universe Expansionx

Galaxies and Universe Expansion
WEEK 10
Bellringer 9 - Monday
1. Sit quietly.
2. Copy the homework in
1. What galaxy
do we live in?
2. How many
stars are in the
Solar System?
your agenda.
3. Add pgs. 61-65 to your
Table of Contents.
3.
Put
these
in
4. On Pg.61, answer the
questions to the right. order from largest
to smallest:
galaxy, universe,
solar system
Galaxies and Measurements Notes
 The Sun is a star in the
Milky Way galaxy
located in a spiral arm
about two-thirds of the
way from the center of
the galaxy.
 Galaxies are made up
of gas, dust, and
billions of stars and
have different shapes.
Galaxy Shapes
1. Elliptical – Spherical
or flattened disks.
2. Spiral – a nucleus of
bright stars and two or
more spiral arms
3. Irregular – no definite
shape
Measurement of Space
 Because distances in space are so great
that conventional numbers are too large to
work with, astronomers use a unit of
measurement called light year to measure
the distance to stars and galaxies in space.
 The distance in one light year is equal to
the distance light travels in one year.
 Light travels 5.88 x 1012 mi per year
Galaxy Types, pg.63
1. First we are going to watch
a short video clip on the
different types of galaxies.
2. Add the Galaxy Types flip
chart to notebook pg.62.
3. Cut on the solid lines and
fold along the dotted lines.
4. Draw a picture of the
galaxy on top of the flap.
5. Under the flap, write the
name and characteristics
of each galaxy.
Space Vocabulary Foldable, pg. 64
 Cut along the solid lines.
 Fold on the dotted lines.
 Glue the side tab down so you have 7 doors you
can open. Pg.64
 Add the vocabulary words on the outside.
 Write the definitions on the inside.
• Elliptical galaxy • Nebula
• Irregular galaxy • Doppler effect
• Spiral galaxy • Red shift
• Light year
Bellringer 9 - Tuesday
1. Sit quietly.
2. Copy the homework in
your agenda.
3. Add pg. 66 to your
Table of Contents.
4. On Pg.61, answer the
questions to the right.
1. What are the names of
the 3 types of galaxies?
2. Which of the components
of the universe best
describes a system of stars,
gases and dust held
together by gravity?
A. Galaxy B. Planet
C. Comet D. Solar system
3. Which image best
represents the location
of the Sun in the Milky
Way galaxy?
Galaxy Lab Stations, pg. 66
 Today you will be completing 4 stations on the three
different types of galaxies and the sun’s location in
the universe.
 Explore it
 Research it
 Organize it
 Read it
 Make sure your groups are:
1. reading the directions sheet,
2. following each task card (in order),
3. and recording your answers on your lab sheet.
Bellringer 9 - Wednesday
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sit quietly.
Copy the homework in your agenda.
Add pgs. 67-68 to your Table of Contents.
On Pg.61, answer the questions below.
20.4 The Universe is Expanding
 Open to textbook pg.711
 We are going to read this section
together, out loud.
 Volunteers needed, otherwise I will just
choose students at random.
Theory of Expansion Notes, pg.67
 All of the matter in the universe now,
was in the universe when it formed.
THEN
NOW
There is evidence to support that scientists are
able to estimate the age of the universe in two
ways:
1. by looking for the oldest stars
 Nebula (gas and dust) exist in space and are
remnants from the formation of the universe.
 Stars undergo a life cycle based on the
composition of the gases within them. As stars
age the amount of hydrogen in the star
changes, therefore changing the color and
brightness of the star.
2. by measuring the rate of expansion of the
universe.
 Astronomers determined the galaxy is expanding
based on the color of light emitted from galaxies and
stars.
 The wavelength of light waves change as objects
move towards or away from Earth.
 Light from objects that are moving toward Earth shift
toward the blue end of the spectrum. Light from
objects moving away from Earth shift toward the red
end of the spectrum. This is known as the Doppler
effect.
 As the universe expands and galaxies move
apart, the wavelength of light emitted from
those galaxies is stretched. This shifts the light
toward the red end of the spectrum and is
called “red shift”.
 The more distance or faint a galaxy the more
rapidly it is moving away from Earth.
Review Guide worksheet, pg.68
 This worksheet is your homework
tonight!
 Glue it into your notebook and I will
check to see that you’ve done that as
your exit ticket!
Bellringer 9 - Thursday
1. Sit quietly.
2. Copy the
homework in your
agenda.
3. Add pg. 69 to your
Table of Contents.
4. On Pg.61, answer
the questions to
the right.
Expansion of the Universe Lab
 Add the lab sheet to pg.69 in your
notebook.
 Follow all procedures to complete the lab
with your group.
 Write a 5-8 sentence conclusion paragraph
under the lab to tell what you’ve learned
about the universe.
Bellringer 9 - Friday
1. Sit quietly.
2. Copy the homework
in your agenda.
3. Add pg.70 to your
Table of Contents.
4. On Pg.61, answer
the question to the
right.
Astronomy Quiz 1
 Fill in your ID# and bubble correctly!
 When you are done with your quiz raise
your hand and read until everyone is
finished.
Characteristics and Movements of
Objects in the Solar System
 Objects that are found in the solar system
have characteristics based on:
 surface features,
 atmosphere (if there is one),
 & movement (orbit/revolution/rotation).
Planets
Surface Features:
 May have a terrestrial/rocky surface or a
gaseous surface.
 Gaseous planets are considerably larger
than terrestrial planets.
 Some planets have a unique surface
characteristic, for example color or an
atmospheric storm.
Movement:
 should be based on: revolution around
the Sun and rotation on the planet’s axis.
Planets
Extra Information:
 Mercury is the only planet with no
atmosphere; it’s too hot.
 All of the outer planets have rings:
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
Moons
Surface Features:
 Most are rocky bodies covered with craters,
but some have unique characteristics.
Movement:
 Based on revolution around their planets
and rotation on their axis.
Extra Information:
 studied in relation to the planet they orbit.
 not all planets have moons.
Asteroids
Surface Features:
 Most asteroids are rocky bodies that orbit in a
region in the solar system known as the Asteroid
Belt.
Movement:
 Based on their revolution around the Sun.
 Some asteroids outside of the asteroid belt
have orbits that cross Earth’s orbit, which
require scientists to monitor their positions.
Extra Information:
 They vary size and shape.
 The Asteroid Belt is located between Mars and
Jupiter.
Comets
Surface Features:
 Have a main body or head (ice,
methane, ammonia, and dust) and a tail
that emerges as the comet gets closer
to the Sun during its orbit.
Movement:
 Unique long, narrow elliptical
revolutions.
Extra Information:
 The effects of solar winds results in the
tail always pointing away from the Sun.
 Most comets originate from regions of
the solar system that lie beyond the
orbit of Neptune.
Meteors
Surface Features:
 Chunks of rock that burn up entering a planet’s
atmosphere.
Movement:
 location and movement cause the different terms
– meteor, meteoroid, or meteorite
Extra Information:
 Prior to entering that atmosphere the chunks of
rock that move about within the solar system are
known as meteoroids.
 When a chunk of rock strikes the surface of a
planet or moon it is known as a meteorite.