Transcript 1 m/s - Sochias

Planets
The Next
Dante Minniti, Católica
Decade
Steve Vogt, UC Santa Cruz
Chris Tinney, UNSW
Pamela Arriagada, Católica
The discovery of extrasolar planets in the past decade was one
of the most remarkable achievements of the century, and the
culmination of centuries of speculation.
National Academy of Sciences, Decadal Review of Astrophysics
~45,000 parsecs
10,000 parsecs
1000 parsecs
50 parsecs
16 Cygni B
Not sinusoidal
Planet Mass Distribution
Detection Limit:
~ 0.2 MJUP @ 1 AU
Five Neptunes:
Gl 436
55 Cnc d
 m Ara
• HD 190360
• Gliese 581
Butler et al.
McArthur et al.
Santos et al.
Fit Excludes
1st bin.
Planet – Metallicity Correlation
2
Pplanet ~ (NFe/ NH)
Fischer & Valenti 2005
Previous Evidence:
G.Gonzales, N.Santos
Abundance
Analysis of
1000 stars on
planet search .
Metallicity Models:
Ida & Lin
Kacper Kornet
et al.
Doppler Measurements
Orbit:
P = 2.876 d
K = 41.3 m/s
Circular
M = 0.343 MJUP
= 1.15 MSAT
Photometry:
Three Transits
3.0 millimag ->
APL = 0.0028 Astar
RPL = 0.053 RStar
G. Henry
Density & Interior


R = 0.88 RSAT
M = 1.145 MSAT
10% errors)
r = 1.69 rSAT
R ~ M-1/3 (degeneracy)
R ~ M+1/3 (Coulomb, rock)
r = 1.69 rSat
More Rock
Radius vs Mass
Radius (RJUP)
Measured for Transiting Planets
Mass (MJUP)
The Next Decade:
3 m/s versus 1 m/s
3 m/s Minimal (3-sigma) detection of Jupiter analog
Eccentricity of Jupiter analog is uncertain (+/-0.2)
Non-detection of Saturn-mass at 5 AU
1 m/s Jupiter analog is 10-sigma detection
Uncertainty of eccentricity is +/-0.02
Saturn-mass at 5 AU is a 4-sigma detection
Super-Earths detectable in 4-day orbits
Detection sensitivity similar/better than SIM
Obstacles to 1 m/s
Stellar oscillations
Stellar granulation
Stellar rotation
Photons
Systematic Errors
P-modes in Solar-type stars
Alpha Cen A (G2 V)
Amp ~ 1.5 m/s
Per = 5 min
- Seismology
-Noise:
Avg over
P-modes !
K dwarfs: 1 meter/sec
Alpha Cen B (K0V)
Acoustic p-modes:
Amp < 1 m/s
Doppler Precision
10 Earth-Masses
P = 50 day
Aliasing
1 day Obs.
Single telescope
Single telescope
5 Earth-Masses
P = 50 day
1 Earth-Mass
P = 4.2 d
Mstar = 0.5 MO
1 m/s: Long Data Strings
AAT
48 continous nights Jan 10, 2007
Keck
10 continous nights
APF
USNO funded 2.4-m dedicated planet finder
1 m/s: Long View
SIM
1.2-to-2 billion $
150 stars 2020?
TPF
5-to-?? billion $
? Stars
8-m
0.1 billion $
1,000 stars NOW?
2040?
1 m/s: Long View
8-m
0.1 billion $
1,000 stars NOW?
Every Saturn mass planet out to 9 AU
Every Neptune mass planet out to 1 AU
Super-Earths out to 0.3 AU
Earth-mass planets out to 0.1 AU
Solar System analogs
Habitable planets