Transcript Chapter 2 The Solar System

Chapter 2 The Solar
System
Section 1 Observing the
Solar System
Ch. 2, section 1 Observing the
Solar System Objectives
 Explain
how the heliocentric and
geocentric models of the solar
system differ
 Describe Kepler’s discovery about the
planet’s orbit
 Identify two factors that keep the
planets in their orbits.
1.
Geocentric
A description of the solar system in which all
of the planets revolve around Earth.
2.
Heliocentric
A description of the solar system in which all
of the planets revolve around the sun.
3.
Ellipse
An elongated circle, or oval shape.
4.
Inertia
The tendency of a moving object to continue
in a straight line or a stationary object to
remain in place.
geocentric system
1. In a _________________,
Earth is at the center
of the revolving planets.
system
2. In a heliocentric
_________________,
Earth and the other
planets revolve around the sun.
3. Galileo’s two discoveries to support the heliocentric
system were:
- he saw __________
___________
revolving around
four
moons
Jupiter.
Venus
- he also saw that ____________ goes through phases
similar to those of Earth’s moon.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6AHDhmJXKo
4. Kepler discovered that the orbit of each planet is
an __________.
ellipse
5. Newton concluded that two factors: inertia
_________
and gravity
__________ combine to keep the planets in
orbit.
Chapter 2 The Solar
System
Section 2 The Sun
Ch. 2, section 2 The Sun
Objectives
 Explain
how the sun gets its energy
 Identify
the layers of the sun’s
atmosphere
 Describe
surface
some features of the sun’s
1.
Nuclear Fusion
The process by which hydrogen atoms join
together to form helium, releasing energy.
2.
Core
The central part of the sun, where nuclear
fusion occurs.
3.
Photosphere
The inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere.
4.
Chromosphere
The middle layer of the sun’s atmosphere.
5.
Corona
The outer layer of the sun’s atmosphere.
6.
Solar wind
A stream of electrically charged particles
produced by the sun’s corona.
7.
Sunspot
A dark area of gas on the sun that is cooler
than surrounding gases.
8.
Prominence
A loop of gas that protrudes from the sun’s
surface, linking parts of sunspot regions.
9.
Solar flare
An explosion of hydrogen gas from the
sun’s surface that occurs when loops in
sunspot regions suddenly connect.
energy
1. The sun’s __________
comes from nuclear
fusion.
2. Nuclear fusion takes place in the sun’s
_________.
core
3. The sun’s atmosphere has three layers: the
____________, the chromosphere
____________, and the
photosphere
corona
__________.
total solar eclipse you can see light
4. During a _______________,
from the corona.
5. Features on or above the sun’s surface include
sunspots
prominences
___________, _____________,
and
____________.
solar
flares
Chapter 2 The Solar
System
Section 3 The Inner
Planets
Ch. 2, section 3. The Inner Planets
Objectives:
 Describe
the main characteristics of
the inner planets.
1.
Terrestrial planets
The name given to the four inner planets:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
2.
Retrograde rotation
The spinning motion of a planet from east to
west, opposite to the direction of rotation of
most planets and moons.
3.
Greenhouse effect
The trapping of heat by a planet’s
atmosphere.
Mercury
1. The four inner planets are ___________,
_________,
__________,
and ___________.
Venus
Earth
Mars
small
2. The four inner planets are __________
and
have _________
surfaces.
rocky
Mercury
3. The planet closest to the sun is __________.
thin
4. Mercury has an extremely _________
atmosphere.
east
west
5. Venus rotates from __________
to _________,
the opposite direction from most other planets and
moons.
thick
6. The atmosphere of Venus is so _________
that
every day is a __________
one.
cloudy
7. Astronomers have found that some water
remains on Mars in the form of ___________
at its
ice
north pole.
Chapter 2 The Solar
System
Section 4 The Outer
Planets
Ch. 2, section 4. The outer planets
Objectives
 Describe
the main characteristics of
the gas giant planets
 Explain how Pluto differs from the
outer planets
1.
Gas Giants
The name given to the four outer planets:
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Jupiter
1. The four outer planets are __________,
_________,
__________, and ___________.
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
2. Because the gas giants have so much mass,
they exert a much stronger ____________
gravitational
___________
than the terrestrial planets.
force
3. The four outer planets have deep
_____________.
atmospheres
solid
4. None of the gas giants has a __________
_________.
surface
5. An especially interesting feature in Jupiter’s
atmosphere is its ________
_________
Great
Red
Spot
________.
Europa
6. Jupiter’s four moons are ______,
_______,
Io
__________, andCallisto
_________.
Ganymede
7. Saturn’s rings are made of chunks of
ice
rock
_________
and __________,
each traveling in its
own orbit.
8. Strangely, Uranus’s axis is tilted at an angle of
about 90
___________
from the vertical.
degrees
9. Viewed from Earth, Uranus is rotating from
top
bottom
________
to _________
instead of from
_________ to side
___________.
side
10. The planet Neptune was discovered as a result
of a ____________
mathematical ___________.
prediction
Chapter 2 The Solar
System
Section 5 Comets,
Asteroids, and Meteors
Ch. 2, section 5 Comets, Asteroids,
and Meteors Objectives
 Describe
the characteristics of
comets and asteroids
 Identify where meteoroids come
from
1.
Comet
A ball of ice and dust whose orbit is a long,
narrow ellipse.
2.
Asteroids
Objects revolving around the sun that are too
small and too numerous to be considered
planets.
3.
Asteroid belt
The region of the solar system between the
orbits of Mars and Jupiter, where many
asteroids are found.
4.
Meteoroid
A chunk of rock or dust in space.
5.
Meteor
A streak of light in the sky produced by the
burning of a meteoroid in Earth’s
atmosphere.
6.
Meteorite
A meteoroid that has hit Earth’s surface.
ice
1. Comets are chunks of _________
and
dust
_________
whose orbits are usually very long ,
narrow ellipses.
2. Most asteroids revolve around the sun between
the orbits of _________
and __________.
Mars
Jupiter
3.Meteoroids
___________ usually come from comets or
asteroids.
4. Meteoroids that enter the Earth’s atmosphere
are calledmeteors
___________.
5. Meteoroids that pass through the atmosphere
and hit Earth’s surface are calledmeteorites
__________.

Section 5 reading.

Video:
– Part 1: (9:22 minutes)
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dku64Ad3a
gA
– Part 2 (10:20 minutes)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29byorgwM
GY
Chapter 2 The Solar
System
Section 6 Is There Life
Beyond Earth?
Ch. 2, section 6 Is There Life
Beyond Earth? Objectives
 Describe
what living things need to
exist on Earth
 Explain
why scientists are looking at
Mars and Europa for signs of life
1.
Extraterrestrial life
Life that arises outside of Earth.
1. Earth has liquid
___________
water and a
suitable temp. range
atmosphere for
___________________
and ___________
living things to survive.
2. Since life as we know it requires __________,
water
scientists hypothesize that ________
may have
Mars
once had the conditions needed for life to exist.
Europa
3. If there is liquid water on ________,
there might
also be life.