Transcript Space – The Final Frontier

Space – The Final Frontier
What is out there?
 Ever since mankind has looked up at the
moon and stars, we have wandered about
life in the universe.
Chuck Yeager
Chuck Yeager of WV
 Chuck Yeager was born and raised in WV.
 In 1947, Chuck Yeager drove the first plane
to break the sound barrier.
 US was ahead of the world in the space
race.
But then………
Space Race Begins
 History changed on October 4, 1957, when the
Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The
world's first artificial satellite was about the size of
a basketball, weighed only 183 pounds, and took
about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical
path. That launch ushered in new political, military,
technological, and scientific developments. While
the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked
the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R
space race.
Sputnik 1
Vanguard
 The US thought they would be the first to
successfully launch a satellite into space.
They put together a scientific team and
began working on Vanguard.
Vanguard
US vs Russia
The Sputnik launch changed everything. As a
technical achievement, Sputnik caught the world's
attention and the American public off-guard. Its
size was more impressive than Vanguard's
intended 3.5-pound payload. In addition, the public
feared that the Soviets' ability to launch satellites
also translated into the capability to launch ballistic
missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from
Europe to the U.S. Then the Soviets struck again;
on November 3, Sputnik II was launched, carrying
a much heavier payload, including a dog named
Laika.
Explorer 1
 Explorer project – 4 months after Sputnik
US sent Explorer 1 into space.
First Man in Space
Yuri Gagarin – Russian Cosmonaut
April 12, 1961 - Russian
cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin
became the first human in
space, making a 108-minute
orbital flight in his Vostok 1
spacecraft.
Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard
became the first American in
space less than a month later.
May 5, 1961
Alan B. Shepard, Jr.
Mercury-Redstone 3
FREEDOM 7
15 minutes, 28 seconds
Suborbital flight that successfully put the first American in space.
Space Probes (Satellites)
 Mariner
 Viking 1 and 2 (summer 1976) 1st successful
landing on mars. Designed to explore inner
planets
 Voyager 1 and 2 designed to explore outer planets
 Galileo – 1989 – The 1st probe to orbit Jupiter and
sent a smaller probe into it’s atmosphere.
Launched from a space shuttle.
Mariner Project
 The Mariner Project was a series of US
space probes build to provide information on
the inner planets – Mercury, Venus, and
Mars.
 Mariner 2 launched in 1962.
 Many embarrassing disasters on the launch
pad at Cape Canaveral.
Mariner I failed
on launch pad.
Voyager
 The Mariner Project was renamed
Voyager.
Voyager 1 launched from Kennedy Space
Center September 1977. In 1980 it
approached Saturn.
Voyager 2 launched from Cape Canaveral in
1977 also.
Voyager images
NASA
 The National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) is an agency of the
United States federal government,
responsible for the nation's public space
program. Established on July 29, 1958, by
the National Aeronautics and Space Act.
Space Centers
 Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.
Mostly a manned spacecraft center.
Established in 1965.
 Kennedy Space Center – Cape Canaveral
Florida. Mostly a satellite and shuttle center.
 Other places include Mississippi.
Manned Space Program
Mercury Program
Mercury Program
 The Mercury Program (1960 – 1962)
 1st program to put an astronaut into space.
Mercury-Redstone 3
FREEDOM 7
May 5, 1961
Alan B. Shepard, Jr.
15 minutes, 28 seconds
Suborbital flight that successfully put the first American in space.
Gemini Program
 Was a manned space program to put 2 men
into space – hence the name Gemini which
means twin.
•To subject man and equipment to space flight up to two weeks in
duration.
•To rendezvous and dock with orbiting vehicles and to maneuver the
docked combination by using the target vehicle's propulsion system;
•To perfect methods of entering the atmosphere and landing at a
preselected point on land. Its goals were also met, with the exception of
a land landing, which was cancelled in 1964.
Gemini Launch
The Apollo Program
 Walter Conkrite News Clip
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TYuXj5sq6A
 Project Apollo was a series of human spaceflight missions
undertaken by NASA, on behalf of the United States of
America. The program used the Apollo spacecraft and
Saturn launch vehicle, and was conducted during the years
1961 – 1975. It was devoted to the goal (in U.S. President
John F. Kennedy's famous words) of "landing a man on the
Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" within the
decade of the 1960s. This goal was achieved with the
Apollo 11 mission in July 1969.
The US Space Shuttle
 The US space shuttle was designed to be
launched into space by rockets and then to
return to the Earth’s surface by gliding down
and landing on a runway. It was first used in
the 1980’s.
 It is the first reusable spacecraft.
Shuttle Missions
 Columbia, Challenger, Discovery and
Atlantis. Challenger was destroyed on
launch in 1986, and Endeavour was built as
a replacement. Columbia was destroyed on
re-entry in 2003.
Challenger
Crew
The International Space Station
 A joint effort between 5 space agencies.
 The agencies include the US, Russia,
Japan, Canada, and Europe.
 It orbits in low earth orbit.
 The station has continuous people staying
since it was first occupied in 2000.
BENEFITS FROM SPACE
 Space exploration has allowed humans to learn much about the
workings of the solar system, the composition of planets and moons,
and the effects of many types of solar radiation on the Earth and its
inhabitants. In preparing for the challenges of space exploration,
people have developed tools and products that have become very
important in enriching our lives. Humans have traveled to the moon,
landed probes on Mars and Venus, and sent probes speeding past
Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus. An International Space Station, through
the joint effort of many countries, was built to allow space to be studied
continually. We also had the Hubble Telescope built so scientists could
learn much more about the uniqueness of Earth and its place in our
solar system and universe. Scientists have also learned that there are
millions of galaxies in space, each containing solar systems
BENEFITS FROM SPACE

Many of our modern conveniences such as microwaves and hand
held calculators are the result of products developed for use in the
space program. The Chandra X-ray Observatory is part of NASA's fleet
of "Great Observatories" along with the Hubble Space Telescope, the
Spitizer Space Telescope and the now de-orbited Compton Gamma
Ray Observatory. Chandra allows scientists from around the world to
obtain X-ray images of exotic environments to help understand the
structure and evolution of the universe. Other telescopes, such as the
Fermi-Gamma-ray Space Telescope has unveiled a previously unseen
structure centered in the Milky Way. The feature spans 50,000 lightyears and may be the remnant of an eruption from a supersized black
hole at the center of our galaxy.