Transcript Juno_NASA

Presentation to
NASA Nationwide
Steve Levin
Juno Project Scientist
6/16/2011
Juno Mission Overview
Salient Features:
• First solar-powered mission to Jupiter
• Eight science instruments to conduct gravity,
magnetic and atmospheric investigations, plus
a camera for education and public outreach
• Spinning, polar orbiter spacecraft launches in
August 2011
– 5-year cruise to Jupiter, arriving July 2016
– About 1 year at Jupiter, ending with de-orbit
into Jupiter in 2017
• Elliptical 11-day orbit swings below radiation
belts to minimize radiation exposure
• 2nd mission in NASA’s New Frontiers Program
Science Objective: Improve our understanding of
giant planet formation and evolution by studying
Jupiter’s origin, interior structure, atmospheric
composition and dynamics, and
magnetosphere
Principal Investigator: Scott Bolton
Southwest Research Institute
Partner Institutions
Southwest Institute Research Institute (SwRI),
San Antonio, TX
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD
Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company (LMSSC),
Denver, CO
University of Iowa (UI), Iowa City, IA
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
(JHU/APL), Laurel, MD
Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), San Diego, CA
NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Cape Canaveral, FL
United Launch Alliance (ULA), Denver, CO
Danish Technical University (DTU), Lyngby
Italian Space Agency (ASI), Rome
Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), Brussels
Launch Details
Atlas V 551 from Kennedy Space Center
Launch period: Aug. 5 – 26, 2011 (22 days)
Mass at launch: 3625 kg
Flight Path
Deep Space
Maneuvers
9/7-11/2012
Earth
Flyby
10/9/2013
Jupiter Orbit
Insertion
7/5/2016
Launch
8/5/2011
Why Juno?
Jupiter is by far the largest
planet in the solar system,
and we’ve been studying it for
hundreds of years. Yet we still
have major unanswered
questions about this giant
planet…
• How did Jupiter form?
• How is the planet arranged on the inside?
• Is there a solid core, and if so, how large is it?
• How is its vast magnetic field generated?
• How are atmospheric features related to the
movement of the deep interior?
• What are the physical processes that power the
auroras?
• What do the poles look like ?
Juno Science Objectives
Origin
Determine the abundance of water and place an
upper limit on the mass of Jupiter’s solid core to
decide which theory of the planet’s origin is correct
Interior
Understand Jupiter's interior structure and how
material moves deep within the planet by mapping
its gravitational and magnetic fields
Atmosphere
Map variations in atmospheric composition,
temperature, cloud opacity and dynamics to depths
greater than 100 bars at all latitudes
Magnetosphere
Characterize and explore the three-dimensional
structure of Jupiter's polar magnetosphere and
auroras.
The orbit is the key…
Suite of instruments will
collect data on:
- Jupiter’s Gravity Field
- Jupiter’s Magnetic Field
- Deep Atmosphere
- Aurora/Magnetosphere
Gravity Science (JPL, ASI)
Magnetometer— MAG (GSFC)
Microwave Radiometer— MWR (JPL)
Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector— JEDI (APL)
Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment— JADE (SwRI)
Plasma Waves Instrument— Waves (U of Iowa)
UV Spectrometer— UVS (SwRI)
Infrared Camera— JIRAM (ASI)
Visible Camera— JunoCam (Malin)
Probing the deep interior from orbit
Juno maps Jupiter from the deepest interior to the atmosphere using
microwaves, and magnetic and gravity fields.
Mapping Jupiter’s gravity
Tracking changes in Juno’s
velocity reveals Jupiter’s
gravity (and how the planet
is arranged on the inside).
Precise Doppler measurements of
spacecraft motion reveal the gravity
field.
Tides provide further clues.
Mapping Jupiter’s magnetic field
Jupiter’s magnetic field lets us probe
deep inside the planet.
Juno’s polar orbit provides complete
mapping of planet’s powerful magnetic
field.
Sensing the deep atmosphere
(Pt1)
Juno’s Microwave Radiometer
measures thermal radiation from
the atmosphere to as deep as
1000 atmospheres pressure
(~500-600km below the visible
cloud tops).
Determines water and ammonia
abundances in the atmosphere
all over the planet
Synchrotron radio emission from the radiation belts makes this kind
of measurement impossible from far away on Earth
Sensing the deep atmosphere
(Pt2)
Microwave
Radiometer
investigates deep
atmospheric
structure
Gravity science investigates deep structure
of belts and zones
13
Exploring the Polar Magnetosphere
Jupiter’s magnetosphere near the planet’s poles is a completely
unexplored region!
Juno’s investigation will provide new insights
about how the planet’s enormous magnetic
force field generates the aurora.
14
Spacecraft & Payload
T-Minus 49 days to launch…
See missionjuno.swri.edu for updated countdown time
For more information…
http://missionjuno.swri.edu
http://www.nasa.gov/juno
Supplemental materials
Juno Science Objectives
Juno will improve our understanding of the
history of the solar system by investigating
the origin and evolution of Jupiter.
To accomplish this goal, the mission will
investigate Jupiter’s Origin, Interior,
Atmosphere and Magnetosphere.
What we learn from Juno also will vastly
improve our general knowledge of how giant
planets form and evolve, shaping the
evolution of planetary systems everywhere.
Many ways of seeing Jupiter
Haven’t we already been to Jupiter? Why go back? (Pt1)
The Galileo mission dropped a probe into Jupiter’s atmosphere in 1995
and showed us our planetary formation theories were wrong!
Haven’t we already been to Jupiter? Why go back? (Pt2)
This meant that Jupiter
might have formed from
the collision of many
asteroid-sized pieces of
water-ice. These icy
planetesimals could have
carried in the other, more
volatile, elements trapped
within the ice. Colder ice
would carry more volatiles,
so Jupiter’s water content
will tell us whether or not
Jupiter formed farther from
the Sun and drifted in to
it’s current location.
If Juno does not find a lot of water in Jupiter, then the icy planetesimal
theory is wrong and we’ll need a whole new way to understand Jupiter’s
formation.
There are some big unanswered questions relevant to giant planets…
• Over what period in the early solar
system did gas giants form, and how did
birth of Jupiter and its gas-giant sibling,
Saturn differ from the “ice giants” Uranus
and Neptune?
• What is the history of water and other
volatile compounds across our solar
system?
•How do processes that shape the present character of planetary bodies operate and
interact?
•We see a lot of giant planets around other stars. What does our solar system tell us
about development and evolution of extrasolar planetary systems, and vice versa?
Where Does Juno Fit?
Juno Mission Timeline
Juno’s orbit at Jupiter
Juno’s orbit at Jupiter
What about the moons?
Juno’s orbit deliberately avoids the four large Galilean moons.
Why go all that way and not visit Europa?
Radiation
To accomplish its science
objectives, Juno orbits over
Jupiter’s poles and passes very
close to the planet.
This carries the spacecraft
repeatedly through the
hazardous radiation belts and
limits the length of the mission.
Orbits 1, 16 and 31 pictured
End of mission
Why crash a perfectly good spacecraft into Jupiter?
It’s a trick question! After 33 orbits and 15 months at Jupiter,
Juno will have received a dose of radiation equal to 100 million
dental x-rays!
Eventually radiation damage would render Juno uncontrollable,
so the spacecraft is sent into Jupiter in a controlled way so
there’s no possibility it will impact the icy moons.
Images of Juno
[Include choice photos relevant to the audience; see
http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/feature/juno and
http://mediaarchive.ksc.nasa.gov/search.cfm?cat=230]
Trajectory (i.e., Juno’s Flight Plan)
Mission phases
Key dates
Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) Project
• In the 2009-2010 school year 7,089
students ran the GAVRT telescopes and
collected radio astronomy data.
• 50 schools in 16 US States, Puerto Rico
•3 foreign countries.
• 1,747 were students participating in
the GAVRT program that supported the
NASA LCROSS mission.
Launch of LCROSS & LRO, June 2009
GAVRT students at launch events
34
The Juno/GAVRT Connection
Education and Science
• Students contribute to Juno science
- Modeling the radiation environment
- Providing context for Microwave Radiometer data
• Juno science lessons (in and out of the classroom)
• Juno scientists participate in GAVRT teacher training
• Juno scientists in the (GAVRT) classroom
• Future plans (Junocam)
Spacecraft tracks
Synchrotron Beaming Curve (GAVRT Data)
GAVRT data help
us understand
Jupiter’s
radiation belts
page.
GAVRT data provide context
37