Transcript Chapter 25 Review Questions

Chapter 25 Review Questions
25.1
1a. In this model of the solar system – The
sun is in the center of the universe.
Heliocentric or Geocentric?
1b. True or False?
___________ Most ancient people believed
that the Earth was the center of the
universe because.
25.1
2. This scientist observed the moons of
Jupiter and proved that a heliocentric
model was correct.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Ptlolemy
Copernicus
Galileo
Kepler
25-1
3. This scientists proposed mapped out a
geocentric model of the universe.
a. Ptolemy
b. Copernicus
c. Galileo
25-1
4. Which choice lists order of planets and minor
planetary bodies in increasing distance from the
sun?
a. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Asteroids, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto & Kuiper belt objects,
Comets.
b. Mars, Venus, Earth, Mercury, Comets, Jupiter,
Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, Asteroids and Pluto
c. Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Asteroids, Saturn,
Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto & Kuiper Belt Objects,
Comets
25-1
5. These two forces keep planets moving in
elliptical orbits. (Describe role of each)
25-5 (500 pts)
6. Distances in the solar system are
measured in __________________
a. Meters
b. kilometers
c. AU
d. Light years
7. Earth is ____ AU away from the sun.
8. One AU = _______ million miles
25-2
A
B
9. The darker areas of the
moon were formed from
lava flows that cooled
and hardened are called
________________.
10. Which letter point to
these areas made by
lava flows?
25-5 (200 pts)
11. Explain the theory of the moon’s
formation?
12.
a. Name this phase!
B. What comes next?
25-2
13. When the moon is in this phase there
are: ________ tides (spring or neap).
14. The tides during this phase are
_______ (weak, strong)
15. During this phase, the sun is (working
with/ against) the moon’s pull.
25-2
16. What type of eclipse shown above? (Solar or
Lunar)
17. If the moon is at location A, we see a
_____________eclipse.
(partial / total)
18. Why doesn’t this occur every month?
25-3
Name that planet!
19. Thick atmosphere of green house gases
make up this hot planet’s atmosphere.
25.3
20. How is Mercury like Earth’s moon?
(Circle one.)
a. It has a thick house of green house
gases.
b. It has no atmosphere and extreme
temperature changes.
c. It is hot all of the time.
d. It has active volcanoes.
25-3
21. Which choice is NOT a characteristic of
the all the inner planets?
a. Have moons
b. Small size
c. Solid, rocky surfaces and dense cores
25-3 (400 pts)
22. Describe condition on Mars – Tell me 3
things that are helpful to identifying Mars.
25-3
23.The atmosphere of Earth is mainly made
up of these 2 gases:
a. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
b. Hydrogen and helium
c. Water vapor and oxygen
d. Nitrogen and oxygen.
25-4
24. Which choice is something outer planets they
have in common with one another?
a. They have rocky surfaces.
b. They rings, lots of moons, and gaseous
surfaces.
c. They are all very hot.
d. All of the above
25-4
25. Which outer planet is tilted on its side
and has rings?
a. Jupiter
b. Saturn
c. Uranus
d. Neptune
25.4
26. What 2 gases make up most of the
outer planets?
a. Hydrogen and helium
b. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
c. Nitrogen and water vapor
25-4 (400 pts)
27. Use 3 words to describe Jupiter.
25-4
28. Titan is a moon of ___________. (what
planet).
Which choice explains why Titan is so unique?
a. It is volcanically active.
b. It may have a salt water ocean under its
surface.
c. It has a thick smoggy atmosphere of
nitrogen and possible liquid lakes of ethane.
25-4
29. Pluto does not fit in with the outer
planets and was demoted to “dwarf planet”
because …
a. It is too far away from the sun.
b. It is more like a kuiper belt object.
c. It has too many moons.
25-4
30. The far away zone of the solar system
that has icy – rock bodies (like Pluto) and
short term comets is known as the:
a. Asteroid belt
b. Oort cloud
c. Kuiper belt
25.4
33. These are often described as “dirty
snowballs”. They are made of ice with a
small rocky core. They have dust and
vapor tails when they get close to the
sun.
a. Asteroids
b. Kuiper belt objects
c. Dwarf planets
d. Comets
25-5
34. This process involves combining
hydrogen in star cores to make helium
and release energy. It requires
temperatures of 15 million degrees.
a. Chemical burning reactions
b. Nuclear fusion
c. Nebula formation
25.5
35. Planets developed as pieces of dust and
rock collided and stuck together. This
process is known as:
a. Nuclear fusion
b. Accretion
c. Nebula formation
25-5
36. The solar system formed from a spinning disk of
dust and gas called: _________
37. That spinning disk was called a:
a. Proplanet
b. Protoplanetary disk
c. Oort cloud
38. True or False?
____________ Almost all of the mass of the solar
system is in the sun.
25-5
39. Which choice is a reason why scientists
believe that the solar system started off as
a spinning disk of dust and gas?
a. All of the planets move in the same
direction around the sun and in the same
plane.
b. We have recorded observations of our
solar system forming.
Rare Earth
40. Earth’s early collision with a nearby
planetary object (Thea) helped Earth
develop into a planet that could support
complex life.
EXPLAIN 2 benefits this collision had to the
development of complex life on Earth.
Rare Earth
41. How has Jupiter helped the development
of complex life on planet Earth?
42. Earth is in the “Goldilocks” section of
the solar system. What does this mean?
Nebular Theory
First fill in the blanks with the appropriate term.
Then, sequence the events in the correct order by NUMBERING THEM.
Step #_____
Force of _________________ pulls most of the gas to the center of
protoplanetary disk, causing an increase in temperature.
Step# _____
Previous star explodes – leaving a shapeless cloud of dust and gas,
called, _______________.
Step # _____
Asteroid-sized planetesimals, collide and stick together in a process called,
____________________. Their size increases as they spin in the disk.
Step # _____
Gravity pulls the nebula together to form a flattened – spinning disk called
a __________________________ disk.
Step# _____
Temperatures reach the millions of degrees, and _____________ ___________
begins. Hydrogen gas combines to make helium and release energy. The sun
is born in the center of the disk.
Step# _____
Planetesimals grow into moon –sized ___________________ which will
continue to grow into planets.
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
12.
13.
14.
C
D
A.U. ; 1; 93 million miles or 149.6 million kms.
Waxing crescent; 1st quarter; 29.5 days (a lunar month_)
New ; Solar eclipse; umbra
C
B&D
C
They are close to the sun AND have NO ATMOSPHERE!
B
Largest: Jupiter
Smallest: Mercury
Hottest: Venus
Most like Earth: Mars
Most like Earth’s moon: Mercury
Tilted on its side: Uranus
Gaseous planet sometimes the farthest from the sun: Neptune
Has a moon Titan, with an atmosphere: Saturn
“Odd-ball” dwarf planet: Pluto
C
C
Nebular Theory
Answer Key
15.
Nebular Theory
First fill in the blanks with the appropriate term.
Then, sequence the events in the correct order by NUMBERING THEM.
Step #_3__
Force of __gravity________ pulls most of the gas to the center of
protoplanetary disk, causing an increase in temperature.
Step# __1_
Previous star explodes – leaving a shapeless cloud of dust and gas,
called, _nebula_.
Step # __5__
Asteroid-sized planetesimals, collide and stick together in a process called,
___accretion_____. Their size increases as they spin in the disk.
Step # _2_
Gravity pulls the nebula together to form a flattened – spinning disk called
a ___protoplanetary____ disk.
Step# _4__
Temperatures reach the millions of degrees, and _nuclear fusion begins. Hydrogen gas
combines to make helium and release energy. The sun is born in the center of the disk.
Step# _6_
Planetesimals grow into moon –sized protoplanets which will continue to grow into planets.