Transcript Jupiter - V
Jupiter http://lexikon.astronomie.info/jupiter/img/im-jupiter.jpg By David An Introduction to Jupiter • It’s largest planet in our solar system • It lies in the outer solar system • It’s the first planet after the asteroid belt, which separates terrestrial and Jovian planets www.ioncmaste.ca/.../ files/images/unit4/ The Surface • It’s a Jovian planet • A gas giant • It has no solid surface • Jupiter is 82% hydrogen and 17% helium http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/jupiter/jupiter-v1_640x542.jpg The Surface continued... • The interior is most likely made up of a small metallic core surrounded by liquid hydrogen • Currents in the liquid hydrogen cause a strong magnetic field, which shields Jupiter from the solar winds • The interior is still cooling since its formation and gives off thermal heat • The interior is about 25 000 Kelvins, but the surface is only about 110 K (-160º C) • It’s pressure is as great as three million times the sealevel pressure on Earth www.spacedaily.com/ news/jupiter-clouds-01a.html Jupiter VS Earth The Atmosphere • Instead of a surface it has a dense atmosphere that consists of a layer of colourful clouds 100km thick • Clouds are bands of colour parallel to the equator • The bands of cloud rotate at great speeds around the planet • They rotate at different speeds than the planet and each other • They rotate in different directions • Two bands travelling in opposite http://lexikon.astronomie.info/jupiter/img/im-jupiter.jpg directions can create whirlwind storms The Great Red Spot http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/gallery.cfm?Category=Spacecraft&Page=6 • Jupiter's most striking feature is the Great Red Spot. Sky watchers have known about it for more than 300 years. • The Great Red Spot is an oval shaped storm that whirls at a speed of 400km per hour • This storm is like a hurricane but much bigger; 25,000km across and is as big as almost 3 Earths • The colours are caused by chemical reactions in the clouds • Colours range from white to dark reddish brown Jupiter Facts Length of one rotation on it’s axis • 9hrs 55min Length of one orbital period (rotation around the sun) • 11.86 yrs Distance from the sun • 778.3 million km. Equatorial diameter • 142,980 km. http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/eng/missions/sts-097/kid_jupiter.asp Jupiter’s Moons • Jupiter has 16 moons • Galileo discovered 4 moons (Galilean satellites) in 1610. • These were the first satellites found orbiting another planet • These moons were first seen in detail by the Voyager space probe in 1979 http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/feature/jupiter.jpg The Galilean Satellites Io • closest to Jupiter • volcanic vents eject molten sulphur • low gravity and thin atmosphere cause eruptions hundreds of kilometers above the surface Ganymede • larger than mercury • largest satellite in the solar system • dark in colour, icy and heavily cratered http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast05may99_1.htm The Galilean Satellites cont… Europa • smooth tan coloured surface • no mountains or craters • young surface • appears to be a layer frozen water with a lot of cracks • Europa is slightly smaller than our moon Callisto • one of the objects in our solar system that has the greatest amount of craters • approximately the same size as our moon. www.photovault.com/.../ UPJV01P01_18jupmoon.html http://www.photovault.com/Link/Universe/Planets/Jupi ter/UPJVolume01/UPJV01P01_18jupmoon.html • All of the moons can be seen from Earth by telescope or binoculars • They rotate rapidly around Jupiter A Person’s Weight on Jupiter • Multiply your weight (kilos or pounds) by 2.34 • 45kg on Earth = 105.3 kg on Jupiter • 100 pounds on Earth = 234 pounds www.enterprisemission.com/ europa.html Life on Jupiter Jupiter DOES NOT support life. • No solid surface • High pressure – strong gravity • Strong winds – 360km/hr to 1600 km/h • Extreme cold temperature – -168 C to 0 C – where the temperature is 0 C, the pressure is about the same as if you were a few kilometers below the sea on Earth – The air of Jupiter is well below freezing http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/J_environment.html More Reasons Why… • There are three known cloud decks in the atmosphere – They contain ammonia, ammonia combined with sulphur, and water – We couldn’t breathe in this atmosphere • There are high levels of radiation – The radiation belts close to Jupiter create one of the harshest radiation environments in the Solar System http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/jupiter/jupite r_022702_3_caption.html • We would also be exposed to lightening, and ultraviolet light www.spacedaily.com/ news/jupiter-clouds-01a.html Interesting Facts • the Jovian planets are at a much greater distance from each other than the terrestrial planets • Jupiter is over 11 times the diameter of Earth • Jupiter has a mass 2.5 times greater than all the other planets put together • If Jupiter were a container, 1400 Earth's could fit inside • Jupiter is sometimes called a "fake star" because its chemical composition is a lot like the Sun's • It radiates more energy into space than it gets from the Sun More Interesting Facts • 4 spacecraft have visited Jupiter • 2 fly-bys by Pioneer in 1974 and 2 by Voyager in 1979 • These probes gathered important information about Jupiter and its clouds • They discovered that Jupiter has a thin and delicate ring structure that is not visible from Earth www.planetary.org/ voyager25/images-moons.html Jupiter’s Rings www.exn.ca/Stories/ 1998/09/15/61.asp More About the Rings www2.jpl.nasa.gov/ galileo/moons/rings.html Something REALLY Cool!!! • I am 11 years old on Earth • I would be less than 1 year old, but almost 1 on Jupiter www.morgenster.org/ foto.htm Conclusion • Jupiter is a very very cool planet. Although we could never live there, its characteristics are very interesting. These include its rings, it’s phenomenal size, it’s a gas giant and could even be called a fake star because it’s a lot like the sun. With all of its moons, it’s sometimes called its own mini-solar system. • I hope you have enjoyed my presentation. Bibliography “The Solar System Webquest.” 5 June 2005 <http://www.cgs.conway.ma.us/solar.htm> “CSA – Jupiter.” 4 June 2005 <http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/eng/missions/sts097/kid_jupiter.asp> “CSA Astronomy 1 - Module 4: The Planets.” 5 June 2005 <http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/eng/educators/resources/astrono my/module4/overview.asp> “Can there be Life in the Environment of Jupiter?” 5 June 2005 <http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/J_environm ent.html>