Transcript Link for period 1

Team 1:The Outer Planets
and Comets,
By: Greg, Alex, Brittany,
Freddy and Cameran
The four outer planets-Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune-are
much larger and more massive
than Earth, and they don’t have
solid surfaces.
Outer planets called gas giants
 Each giant is surrounded by a set of
rings-a thin disk of small particles
and ice and rock
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Jupiter
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Jupiter is the largest and most massive
planet
Has a thick atmosphere made up of
mainly hydrogen and helium
Has a great red spot that is made up of a
storm that is larger than Earth and it is
similar to a hurricane
It has a dense core of rock and iron at its
center
It has over 63 moons and four large ones
called Callisto, Io, Europa, Ganymede
Saturn
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Saturn is the second largest planet in our
universe
It has a thick atmosphere made up of
mainly hydrogen and helium
Its atmosphere also contains clouds and
storms
Saturn has many rings that are made up
of chunks of ice and rocks
Its largest moon is called Titan and it is
larger than the planet Mercury
Uranus
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Uranus is a gas giant and is four times
larger than Earth
It is much smaller than Jupiter and
Saturn
Uranus has a blue/greenish color because
of trace of methane in its atmosphere
Its surrounded by a group of thin, round
rings like Saturn only much less
Its axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of
90 degrees
Neptune
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Neptune is a cold, blue planet and its
atmosphere contains visible clouds
Scientists think that Neptune is slowly
shrinking causing its core to heat up
It has at least 13 moons going around it
Its largest moon is called Triton which
has its own thin atmosphere
Pluto
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Pluto has a solid surface and is much
smaller and denser than the other outer
planets
It is smaller than Earth’s moon and is
probably made of rocks and ice
It is so far from the Sun it revolves
around it about every 258 Earth years
Until recently Pluto was considered the 9th
planet in our solar system
Now it is considered a dwarf planet
Comets
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Comets are loose collections of ice, dust
and small rocky particles
Its orbits are usually very long, narrow
ellipses
Most comets originate from one of two
distant regions of the solar system
They come from the Kuiper Belt of the
Oort cloud
As a comet approaches the sun, it heats
up and some of the gas and dust streams
outward forming a tail
By: Jake Maino
Ben Cummings
Tru Wells
Reanna Iunker
Jonah McNamara
Inner planets
Earth and Venus
Earth: Earth is unique in our solar system in having liquid
water at its surface. Earth is 70% water.
Atmosphere: extends more than 100 kilometers above the
surfaces. About 20% is oxygen and nearly all the rest is nitrogen
with small amounts of other gases such as argon and carbon
dioxide.
Venus: Venus takes about 7.5 Earth months to revolve
around the sun and takes 8 months to rotate on its axis.
Atmosphere: Its atmosphere is so thick that it is always cloudy.
Mercury and Mars
Mercury: Smallest terrestrial planet and closest to the sun.
Mercury has almost no atmosphere. Its high temperature causes
gas particles to move very fast.
Mars: Mars’s atmosphere is more than 95% carbon dioxide.
Scientists think that a large amount of liquid water flowed on
Mars’s surface in the past. Because it is tilted on its axis it has
seasons just like Earth.
Asteroids
Asteroids are rocky objects that mostly revolve around the sun
in fairly circular orbits between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
This region of the solar system is called the asteroid belt.
There are more than 100,000 asteroids discovered in the
asteroid belt. Some asteroids are so big they are considered
dwarf planets.
Andy Eppright
Alyssa Cheshire
Bev Lincoln
Tristan Collins
• A Satellite is an object that revolves around another object in
space.
• The moon is a natural satellite of Earth.
• A Spacecraft orbiting Earth is an artificial satellite.
• The first artificial satellite was named the Sputnik, its success
caused great alarm to the United States.
• When a Meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere, friction with the
air creates heat and produces a streak of light in the sky , this is
known as a Meteor.
• If the meteoroid is large enough, it may not disintegrate
completely.
• If not completely disintegrated, it can pass through Earth’s
atmosphere.
• A meteoroid that passes through the atmosphere and hits Earth’s
surface.
• The crater in Arizona was created by a meteorite.
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A Meteoroid is a chunk of rock or dust in space.
Meteoroids come from comets or asteroids.
Some form when asteroids collide in space.
Others form when a comet breaks up and creates a cloud of
dust that continues to move through the solar system.
• When Earth passes through one of there dust clouds, bits of dust
enter Earth’s atmosphere.
• The creators on the moon were formed by meteoroids.
Devon Lum
Gaimo Johnson
Yareyci Rivera
Katherine Gomez
Joe Hamilton
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After a large star runs out of fuel, it implodes
causing a super nova. The gravity mass is so
strong that the gas is pulled inward, creating a
black hole.
No light, radio waves, or any other form of
radiation can ever get out of a black hole, so it
is not possible to detect a black hole directly.
You can detect them indirectly.
Black holes can be millions or even billions
times bigger than the sun’s initial mass.
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It is matter that does not give off
electromagnetic radiation.
Dark matter cannot be seen directly.
But, its presence can be inferred by observing
the effect of its gravity on visible objects, such
as stars, or on light.
Astronomers are still trying to find out what
the Dark Matter is made out of.
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Dark energy is a mysterious force that is
causing the expansion of the universe to
accelerate.
Current estimates indicate that most of the
universe is made of dark energy and dark
matter.
Less than 5% of the universe is made up of
normal matter.
Black Holes
Dark Matter
Dark Energy
Black Holes, Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Makers of Slide Show
Devon Lum
Gaimo Johnson
Researchers
Joe Hamilton
Yareyci Rivera
Katherine Gomez
Mr. Cossey Period 1
Thanks for reading and stuff
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Team #5 Space
Exploration(History and
Future) and Telescopes.
By: Michael Gray
Trent Abbott
Alexia Maganda
Preet Oza
Kristina Ybarra
History of Space
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A satellite is an object that revolves around
another object in space.
In late 1958, the United States established a
government agency in charge of its space
program called the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration(NASA).
On July 20,1969 Apollo 11 astronaut Neil
Armstrong became the first person to walk on
the moon.
The astronauts collected nearly 400 kilograms of
lunar samples, commonly called moon rocks.
The Future of Space
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In 2004, the U.S announced a plan to establish a
permanent colony of people on the moon.
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Nasa used space shuttles to perform many important
tasks. These included taking satellites into orbit,
repairing damaged satellites , and carrying astronauts
and equipment to and from the space station.
Telescopes
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All the colors you see in a telescope is called visible
light. It one of many types of electromagnetic radiation.
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Telescopes are instruments that collect and focus light
and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.
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The two major telescopes are refracting telescopes and
reflecting telescopes.
The Sun
Bailey Vaskov, David Zamora,
Kelly Doherty, Emily Threlkel
The Sun’s Energy
• The sun accounts for 99.8 percent of the
solar systems total mass.
• The sun is a huge ball of ionized gas, or
plasma, thought.
• About three quarters of the suns mass is
hydrogen.
• About one quarter of the suns mass is
helium.
Nuclear Fusion
• The sun produces energy through nuclear
fusion.
• In nuclear fusion two atomic nuclei
combine, forming a larger. More massive
nucleus and releasing energy.
• Within the sun, hydrogen atoms join
together to form helium.
The Sun’s Interior
• The sun’s interior consists of the core, the
radiation zone, and the convection zone.
• The core is where the suns energy is produced.
• The radiation Zone is region of very tightly
packed gas where energy is transferred mainly
in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
• The convection zone is the outer-most layer of
the sun’s interior.
The Sun’s Atmosphere
• The inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere is called
the photosphere.
• The sun does not have a solid surface.
• There are dark spots on the sun called sunspots.
• Sunspots are areas where the sun is cooler.
• The sun’s interior is about 1.4 million kilometers.
• Sun spots usually occur in huge, reddish loops
of gas called prominences.
The Formation of the Solar
System
Bailey Vaskov, David Zamora,
Dayton Wallace, Kelly Dohetty,
Emily Threlkel
The Solar Nebula
About five billion years ago, a giant cloud of gas
and dust collapsed to form a solar nebula
• Gravity began to pull solar nebula
together, as the solar nebula shrank and
spun faster and faster. The solar nebula
flattened, forming a rotating disk. Gravity
pulled most of the gas into the center of
the disk where the gas eventually became
hot and dense enough where nuclear
fusion to begin.
Planetesimals
• Planetesimals formed the building blocks
of the planets, the planets grew larger.
The Planets
• When the Solar System formed the temperature
was very high.
• Most gasses escaped the gravity of the planets,
that were forming in this region, as a result the
inner planets are relatively small and rocky.
• The planets farther from the sun are much
colder. As these planets in this region grew, their
gravity increased and they were able to capture
much of the hydrogen and helium in space.
Evidence
• The composition of the inner and outer
planets provides strong evidence for a
solar nebula theory.
• Other evidence includes the position of the
sun at the center of the solar system.