Transcript Hort. Classifications-4

Ginkgo
Echinacea
Ginseng
ginsenosides
Ginseng
Longevity - The Chinese have long attributed this to ginseng
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Memory improvement
Stress reduction
Normalization of blood pressure.
Immune system enhancement
Normalization of blood sugar.
Libido enhancement.
Lowering of cholesterol
Prevention of blood clots
Energy
Stamina
Horticultural Classification
• Miscellaneous horticultural crops
– Condiments = spices and products that enhance
flavor of foods
– "spices" traditionally referred to the tropical
aromatics only
– "herbs" (pronounced “urbs”, not “herbs”) refer
specifically to the leaves and seeds of certain
temperate-zone plants.
– The term, "spice" has come also to mean the whole
family of dried plant seasonings, including spices,
herbs, blends and dehydrated vegetables.
Horticultural Classification
• Miscellaneous horticultural crops
– Condiments & spices websites
• http://www.botanical.com/
• http://www.astaspice.org/
• http://www.americanspice.com/
• http://www.bulkfoods.com/spices.asp
• http://www.herbphoto.com/index.html
Horticultural Classification
• Miscellaneous horticultural crops
– Condiments
• Allspice = dried berries of Pimenta officianalis, an
evergreen tree from Central and South America
• Cinnamon = bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum or C.
lourerii from tropical Asia
• Clove = dried buds of Eugenia aromatica, an evergreen
tree in E. India and Moluccas or Spice Islands of
Indonesia
• Ginger - rhizome of Zingiber officinalis
• Mustard = seed from Brassica nigra from Eurasia
Allspice
Cinnamon
Clove
• Used in China for more than 2000 years. Cloves
are believed to be an aphrodisiac. Clove oil is a
time-honored remedy for toothache and is highly
antiseptic
• Native to Moluccas or Spice Islands of
Indonesia
Moluccas or
Spice Islands
of Indonesia
Moluccas or Spice
Islands of Indonesia
Ginger
• Said to be a native of Asia
• Cultivated in West Indies, Jamaica, Africa
West Indies,
Jamaica
Ginger
•Fresh
•Dried
•Pickled
•Minced
Ginger
Mustard
Mustard
Mustard
• Mustard is the oldest condiment known!
• In cultivation as early as 5000-4000 BC, mustard
seeds have been found in Egypt's great pyramids
• First record that mustard was being manufactured
in the Dijon region of France was in 1336
• Not until 1904, when Francis French developed a
recipe based exclusively on white mustard seeds
• Today, French's mustard is bright yellow from
turmeric and tart from vinegar & accounts for 40%
of all mustard consumed in this country
Mustard
http://www.mustardweb.com/
Horticultural Classification
• Miscellaneous horticultural crops
– Condiments
• Nutmeg = dried seed of Myristica fragrans, an
evergreen tree in E. India
• Pepper = dried seeds from Piper nigrum, a
woody vine in E. India
• Vanilla = alcohol extract of the dried seed pod
of an orchid vine (Vanilla planifolia)
Nutmeg
• A tropical, dioecious evergreen tree native to
the Moluccas or Spice Islands of Indonesia
• Around 1600 it became important as an
expensive commercial spice of the Western world
(Dutch introduced)
Nutmeg
Nutmeg
Nutmeg
Pepper
• The best pepper of commerce comes from the
Malabar Coast of India
• Pepper is mentioned by Roman writers in the
fifth century
• It is said that Attila demanded among other items
3,000 lb. of pepper in ransom for the city of Rome
Malabar
Coast
Pepper
Pepper
Vanilla
•
Totonaco Indians of Mexico first used vanilla
•
They were defeated by the Aztecs & had to turn over their vanilla
plants (called Tlilxochitl vine)
•
Then the Aztecs were defeated by the Spaniard, Hernando Cortez
in 1519, who took vanilla to Spain
•
There it was combined with cacao as a drink of nobility or the very
rich
•
In 1602, Hugh Morgan, apothecary to Queen Elizabeth I, suggested
that vanilla could be used as a flavoring all by itself. Dutch East
India company also founded this year.
•
Thomas Jefferson is credited with vanilla’s arrival in the United
States. He brought it with him when he returned from his
ambassadorship to France in 1789.
Uses of vanilla
• Vanilla is added to chocolate, ice cream & yogurt
• Vanilla is known to settle your stomach (it is
found in Coca Cola as a “natural favoring”)
• It is used in aroma therapy and has a calming
effect (Sloane-Kettering Hospital and other
medical facilities use the vanilla aroma to calm
patients undergoing MRI and CAT scans)
• It is used in perfume and is considered an
aphrodisiac
Where vanilla is now grown
90%
• Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa
• Indonesia
• Mexico
• Tahiti
•Many vanilla
plantations in
Madagascar
were destroyed
by a typhoon
in 2001 & the tsunami
in 2005
www.vanilla.com
Vanilla
1,400 tons
of dried vanilla
produced annually
97% of vanilla
used as a flavor
and fragrance
is synthetic
Vanilla
Vanilla
• There are 250+ organic components creating its unique
flavor and aroma
• Vanillin is the synthetic version of vanilla developed in
Germany in the 1880’s
• Although labeled as “natural” most vanilla sold in
Mexico at “tourist centers” is synthetic. There is no
regulatory control on these products
• The US FDA requires a minimum of 13.35 ounces of
vanilla beans to a gallon of a minimum of 35% alcohol
to 65% water mixture
• Take home message… if it is cheap… it is probably
fake…
Horticultural Classification
• Miscellaneous horticultural crops
• Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
• Dill (Anethum graveolens)
• Mint (Mentha spp.)
• Oregano (Origanum vulgare)
• Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
• Rosemary (Rosemarinus officianalis)
• Sage (Salvia spp.)
• Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
Basil
Genova or Genovese Basil
African Blue Basil
Cinnamon Basil
Cuban Basil
Holy or Sacred Basil
Holy Red and Green Basil
Lemon Basil
Lime Basil
Miniature Basil
New Guinea Basil
Napoletano Basil
Osmin Purple Basil
Purple Ruffles Basil
Red Rubin Basil
Thai Basil
Dill
Mint
Mentha spicata (spearmint) or Mentha piperita (peppermint)
Oregano
Parsley
Rosemary
Rosemary
Sage
Thyme