Transcript Hindu and Buddhism Updated

Warm-Up
What group invaded
India about 4,000 years
ago?
Warm-Up
What group invaded
India about 4,000 years
ago?
Aryans
India: Hindu and Buddhism
Announcements
Movie Slips.
Vocabulary
 Subcontinent: an area smaller
than a continent that is cut off
from the rest of the continent by
at least one major physical
feature.
 Nomads: people who move from
place to place
 Vedas: stories, hymns, and
chants written into books about
knowledge about the early Aryans
Vocabulary
 Typhoons: a tropical storm in the region of
the Indian or western Pacific oceans.
 Ganges River: important river in India.
 India: large country in south Asia.
 Monsoon: seasonal rains in south Asia.
 Gobi Desert: large desert that
covers northern China.
 Indian Ocean: 3rd largest ocean
in the world.
 Buddha: founder of Buddhism.
 Yellow River: also known as the
Huang He is the second-longest
river in Asia,
Mr. Toot Video
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASywAfBAVrQ
Physical:
 The Indus River Valley is now
in present day Pakistan.
India
Part of a
subcontinent
cut off from
the rest of the
continent by
the
Himalayan
Mountains.
India
The first
people came
to India 4,000
years ago,
who was
called Aryans.
India
 Aryans entered the
subcontinent though the
Hindu Kush, mountains
next to the Himalayan
Mountains.
 The Aryans used the
Khyber Pass, which is
located in the NW part
of the Hindu Kush.
Aryans
 The Aryans were nomads and
had herds of goats, sheep, and
cattle.
 The Vedas was written in a
language called Sanskrit.
 The language spoken in India
today comes from the Sanskrit.
 Two major religions started in
India: Hinduism and
Buddhism.
Hinduism
 A religion developed
from Aryans.
 Different groups of
people who had
different beliefs about
Vedas.
 Groups: Jains, Buddhist
and Upanishadic.
 Upanishads: their holy,
religious book.
Hinduism teaches
that there is one
great essence or god
in Hinduism.
Their god is call
Brahman, which
can appear as many
different gods
(polytheism).
Their god is worshiped in
many ways---shrines in
homes, temples, in
Ganges River, and other
places.
Faithful Hindu comes
to the river to bathe,
believing one might be
healed by the sacred
water.
 Devout Hindu are
reluctant to believe
that the Ganges is
polluted, but it is due
to people doing
laundry, wash dishes,
and bathe in it.
 Environmentalists say
“Mother Ganges is
suffering.
To the Hindu, life
itself is holy: believe
all living things have
souls and are to be
respected.
All living things has
its own journey of
learning and fulfilling
its destiny.
The cow is one of the
most respected of all
animals.
Ancient Hindu
verse: “He who kills,
eats, or permits the
slaughter of a cow
will rot in hell for as
many years as there
are hairs on the
body of the cow so
slain”.
Cows wander about
freely through the
streets and villages.
Believe in the
concept of Karma.
 Karma: every action, good or
bad, has consequences---what you
do will come back to you (if you
do good deeds, good things will
happen to; if you do bad things,
bad things will happen to.
Karma is linked
to the concept of
Reincarnation.
Reincarnation:
means when you
die you will
probably be
reborn into
another life form.
You do not have
to reborn into
human form
again.
Your Karma from
a former life will
help decide
whether you
come back as
something better
or worse.
This is why Hindu do not
believe in killing anything
under most circumstances,
but there are exceptions.
 If you kill a mosquito or swat a
fly, it may be a relative who
has not yet fulfilled their
destiny, by killing them they
will never fulfill their destiny.
This is
another
reason they
do not eat
meat.
One of the highest
life forms to come
back as is a cow.
Caste System
The Caste System
is division of
social class based
on Ancient Hindu
teachings ranked from high
to low.
Caste System
Believe a
person is born
into the caste
he or she
belongs
because of
karma in a
previous life.
Caste System
Four Castes:
priests warriors –
merchants farmers
Caste System
Below this, you are not
even considered in a
caste; you are
untouchable
(outcaste).
As an untouchable,
you were to be avoided
at all costs.
 Once born into a caste you
would live, marry, and
socialize only among your
caste; can’t go higher or lower.
 The caste system is a form of
discrimination.
 One out of every six
Indians lives and
suffers at the
bottom of the
Hindu Caste
System; they are
Untouchables.
 Music and dance are
considered a form of
worship and are
included in religious
celebrations.
Mohandas Gandhi
Mohandas Gandhi
Also called
Mahatma which
means Great Soul.
Mohandas Gandhi
A great man in India that
tried to teach tolerance and
non violence among people.
Mohandas Gandhi
Leader of India’s
independence movement.
Mohandas Gandhi
He called
untouchables,
harijans, or
children of
god.
He appeared in public with
them.
His work was good, but
dangerous.
 He followed the fate of other courageous
men and women who fought against
discrimination, like Martin Luther King
and John F. Kennedy; he was
assassinated.
 Since the 1950's Indian law has
forbidden citizens from discriminating
against the harijans, but many of the
Hindu people find it hard to change.
 Hinduism spread along the Silk Road
(trade route east), but was not strong
there for long.
 Buddhist teachings overpowered it in
the Far East.
Buddhism
Major religion that began
in India around 500 B.C.
Buddhism
 Promoted by an emperor named
Ashoka and spread throughout
his empire.
Buddhism
 Founder was Siddhartha
Gautama, wealthy prince and
member of the warrior class.
Buddhism
 His father wanted him to be king
someday, so he sheltered him, and
would not allow him to see
anything unpleasant.
He had the gardener pick
the buds off the roses so
that the prince would
never see anything wither
and die.
As the prince grew
older, he starting
leaving the palace
more frequently.
While being
driven around,
he saw an old
man, a sick man,
a corpse, and a
holy man, all for
the first time at
age 29.
He believed they were signs to
show him that life involves
aging, sickness, and death.
He believed
the holy man
was a sign to
leave his home
and family and
seek the causes
of human
suffering.
The holy man,
ASCETIC, had
given up all
comforts and
pleasures – had no
possessions, ate
little, and seemed
not to notice pain.
Siddhartha
Gautama joined
him living in
forest caves.
He adopted his
way of life prayed, recited
chants, and
fasted.
He fasted so
devoutly
that once he
almost died.
Still he had not
found key to a
satisfying life with
no suffering, so he
left the ascetic
group.
After many years of
self denial, he turned
to meditation and
found the answer.
One day he seated himself
under a bodhi tree and
vowed that he would not
rise until he understood
why he had not found a
satisfying way of life.
It was under the tree that his
followers say he found
“enlightenment” or
understanding.
He realized that in the palace
and cave he had been thinking
only of himself, but the way to a
satisfying life was to forget
yourself.
Siddhartha
spent the rest
of his long
life teaching
others what
he had
discovered.
Those whom he taught called
him “BUDDHA,” which means
the “enlightened one.”
His followers
became known
as Buddhists.
He said anyone
could be free of
suffering if they
gave up money
and power.
He taught the FOUR
NOBLE TRUTHS:
1. Life has
suffering.
2. We suffer because we want
power and riches.
3. To not suffer give up
power and riches.
4. Follow the Eightfold path: right
understanding, right thought, right
speech, right actions, right livelihood,
right mindfulness, right effort, and
right concentration.
If you do this you can reach
Nirvana highest plain free of
material desires. Believe in
reincarnation—before nirvana.
Buddhism spread from India
to Asia through trade routes
like the Silk Road.
 Two China men spread it to China
by taking 600 copies of the Sutra
(Buddhist text) back to China.
 From there it spread to Korea and
Japan, Tibet, and SE Asia,
Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia,
and Vietnam.
Climate
 Climate varies
 From alpine to temperate, and even to
subtropical monsoons
 Alpine climate-cold and found in areas
of Himalayan Mtns.
 Monsoon is the pattern of wind that
returns each year from June to
September & brings 80% of India’s rain
for crops
 Most dependent on agriculture, summer
monsoons bring a good growing season
 Population distribution is highest in
places like the Indo-Gangetic Plain,
which lies between the Himalayan
Mountains and the Deccan Plateau
 It benefits from three large rivers, two
are the Ganges River and Indus River
 These rivers and their tributaries carry
silt from the mountains to the farmlands
on the plains
 Rivers also provide a source for
irrigation
 The Indo-Gangetic Plain also has a
long growing season
 Densely populated – good place to
live and work
 Transportation in the Indo-Gangetic
Plain is easier than in the mountains
 Level land makes building and maintaining
roads easier
 Compared to neighbors, India has an
abundance of natural resources – coal, iron
ore, diamonds, crude oil, and metals
 India is a developing country
 It uses natural resources like crude oil and coal
in factory production
Environmental Impacts
 India’s main environmental concern
is overpopulation
 Its population is estimated to be 1.6
billion by 2050
 overpopulation causes food
shortages, limited drinking water,
water and air pollution by chemicals
from industries, boats, vehicles, and
deforestation(land loss)
Literacy
 India’s literacy rate is 65%
 Poor woman still don’t go to school
 In spite of low literacy, economy is growing
due to outsourcing from the U.S.
 Countries with higher literacy rates advance
quicker in sciences and have lower
unemployment rate
Government
 India has a parliamentary democracy type
government
 Power is distributed by federation -
Individual states share power with the
central government which has final control
 People have a role in government political
parties are based on castes or religions
Economy - Market economy
India’s Infrastructure (basic
features of a system)
 Communication;
transportation; education;
power lines