Transcript India

India
Unit 3
subcontinent
• A large area of land that is separated from the
continent
Most of the water in the Indus, Ganges,
and Brahmaputra rivers comes from
1. Natural springs in
the desert
2. Melting ice in the
mountains
3. Rain from the
plateau
4. Lakes in the north
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Main Rivers
Three main rivers bring water and fertile soil to India
• The Indus
• The Ganges (The Holy River of the Hindus) – people
believe that by bathing in this river, they will be
cleansed of all sin
• The Brahmaputra
These rivers start in the Himalaya Mountains and get water
from melting ice
Indus River
• Begins in Himalayas
• Floods and leaves silt behind
Ganges River
• Flows across north India
• Floods and leaves silt behind
Brahmaputra River
• Runs through the Himalayas
and joins the Ganges river
• Floods and leaves silt behind
During the summer in India, the
monsoon brings
1.
2.
3.
4.
Heavy rain
Dust storms
Unbearable heat
Pleasant mornings
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Why is the soil around the Indus River
valley so fertile?
1. Many fish live in the
water
2. Floods leave silt
behind
3. Pure water flows
from the mountains
4. People have farmed
there for centuries
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Monsoons
• A monsoon is a strong wind that brings a lot of rain to
India
• When the rivers flood, they leave silt behind
• The silt makes the land in the river valleys very fertile
Which of the following parts of India
has the best farming soil?
1. The Hindu Kush
Mountains
2. The Deccan Plateau
3. The Himalaya
Mountain Ranges
4. The Ganges River
Valley
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Which phrase best describes the
Eastern and Western Ghats?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fertile plains
Sandy beaches
Mountain ranges
Wetlands
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How does the location of the Himalaya
mountains help India?
1. Roads for trading
2. Consistent water
supply
3. Protection from
enemies
4. Protection from
earthquakes
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Mountain Ranges
• There are four mountain ranges in India
– The Himalayas – where you will find Mount Everest, the
tallest Mountain in the world
– Hindu Kush
– Western Ghats
– Eastern Ghats
• These mountains protected people in India from
attacks by enemies.
Hindu Kush Mountains
• Very high mountains
• Covered in snow and ice
Hindu Kush Mountains
• Very high mountains
• Covered in snow and ice
Eastern and Western Ghats
• Mountains along the coast
• Steep slopes, narrow valleys, thick forests,
heavy rain
• Unsafe to travel
Deccan Plateau
• Land at top of mountains
• Thin forest, rocky
• Dry with soil that is not fertile
A traveler in the Thar Desert would
most likely see
1.
2.
3.
4.
Elephants
Sand dunes
Farms
Walled cities
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Where, in India, were the earliest
known settlements?
1.
2.
3.
4.
On the plateau
Near the dessert
Beside the rivers
In the mountains
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Mohenjodaro was located in
1.
2.
3.
4.
Western Ghats
Deccan Plateau
Indus River Valley
Ganges River Valley
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Mohenjodaro
• One of the first settlements in India
• It had two parts
– Citadel
– An area of daily living
citadel
• A fortress surrounded by a wall where people
go in times of danger
Indus River Valley
• People began to migrate here in 3500B.C.
• The first civilizations, Harappa and
Mohenjodaro, formed around 2500 B.C. in
the Indus River Valley
• Mohenjodaro was divided into two sections:
– A raised area surrounded by a wall where
people went when enemies attacked
– A carefully planned living area that was
divided into blocks by 9 streets
People lived in mudbrick houses that had one or two
stories and as many as 12 rooms.
• And they had a public bath and sewer system
• Dirty water was carried away by a set of
drains
Why did Mohenjodaro have a raised
section surrounded by a wall?
1. Traders went there to
work
2. The religious leaders
lived separate from the
people
3. The wall hid the homes
of rich people
4. People went there
when enemies
attacked
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Which fact shows that Mohenjodaro
was carefully planned?
1. Wheeled carts were
pulled by animals
2. The workshops
were made of mud
bricks
3. Some houses were
bigger than others
4. Nine streets divided
the city into blocks
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Look at the image. How was it used?
1.
2.
3.
4.
For bathing
For cooking
For making wine
For grinding grain
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Mohenjodaro was different from other
settlements because it had
1.
2.
3.
4.
Walls around it
Roads
Brick homes
Sewer system
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Some artifacts found in
Mohenjodaro include scales,
weights, measuring rods, and
games.
The Ancient Indians
developed a system of
measurement.
They also played a war game
that may have been the first
chess game!
The discovery of the scale, stone weights, and
marking rod suggests that the people of
mohenjodaro had
1. A system of
measurement
2. A way to make tools
3. Something to trade
4. math
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A war game played in Ancient India is
thought to be an early form of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chess
Hockey
Dominoes
basketball
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Hinduism
• The oldest world religion
• Started in India
In Hinduism, the Vedas are
1. A collection of
sacred texts
2. A group of people
3. Important gods
4. Temples of worship
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People in India studied Sanskrit
1. To read road signs
2. To read the ancient
texts
3. To rule the people
4. To talk to the
people
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Hinduism
• Hindus believe that they have a responsibility
to lead a good life by following a set of rules.
This is known as dharma.
• These rules are found in the Vedas.
Hinduism
⬜Vedas or “Books of
Knowledge” are a
collection of sacred
texts. They contain the
stories and legends
from centuries before
that had been written
down in Sanskrit.
⬜Sanskrit: an ancient
Indian language that
was difficult to translate
The Caste system
• Hindus believed that a well developed society
was divided into different social classes or
castes.
–
–
–
–
Brahmins: priests and religious leaders
Kshatriya: rulers and warriors
Vaishyas: herders and merchants
Shudras: servants, farmers, and laborers
Ancient Indian Social System (Caste)
◻Indians were born into a
particular caste and had no
way of changing it.
◻They could only marry and do
jobs within their caste.
◻The lowest class of all is the
untouchables. These people
collected garbage and handled
dead animals. They had to live
in their own village and could
not enter temples or schools
because they were “dirty”.
In the caste system, people were
placed into a certain social class by
1.
2.
3.
4.
Skill
Birth
Wealth
education
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Which job was a Shudra most likely to
do?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Herd sheep
Plow a field
Interpret the law
Hold a government
post
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Why did the untouchables live in
separate communities?
1. They wanted to stay
pure
2. They shared all their
goods
3. They had to eat a
special diet
4. They were
considered unclean
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Brahman
• The supreme god of the Hindu
religion is Brahman.
• He is believed to live forever,
whereas everything else changes.
• Indians believe that life happens
in circles (days, seasons, life)
because Brahman is constantly
creating, destroying, and recreating.
Three forms of Brahman that are
important to Indians are
1. Brahma – creates the universe
2. Vishnu – preserves the universe
3. Shiva – destroys the universe
The idea that a person is reborn in a
new body after he dies is called
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dharma
Karma
Reincarnation
atman
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What is dharma?
1. The set of rules that
Hindus must live by
2. Life after death
3. A Hindu god
4. A food
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• Ancient Indians believe that atman (their
soul) is a part of Brahman, connecting them to
him. They also believe that all other gods are
different forms of him.
• Hindus worship in temples. They are often
big, beautiful, and face east.
Which animal became a symbol for the
Hindu respect for life?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lion
Cow
Camel
elephant
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• Hindus believe that all living creatures have a
soul. The cow is a symbol of life and they do
not kill them.
• Karma is the belief that evil done in past life
will affect your next life.
• When a person dies, it is believed that the
soul is reborn in a new body. This is called
reincarnation.
• The type of body depends on karma - the
good and bad a person has done in his/her
life.
Who is the supreme god in Hinduism?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Brahman
Brahma
Vishnu
Shiva
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The festival of Divali, which begins the
Hindu New Year, celebrates
1. The changing of
seasons
2. The victory of good
over evil
3. The food from a
good harvest
4. The long life of the
wise elders
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Divali
• Divali is the Hindu New Year. Oil lamps are set
out at night to symbolize good (light) winning
over evil (darkness).