Transcript PHOENICIANS-ARYANS-HINDUISM

MINOANS
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2000-1400 BC
Lived on Crete. Why do we call them
Minoans?
Major influence on Greece
Knossos was capital city. Had no
fortifications. What might this
mean?
Linear A
Culture ends about 1200 BC. Why?
PHOENICIANS
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1100 BC, Phoenicians now most
powerful traders along Mediteranean
Mainly area now known as Lebanon
Made up of city states (Byblos, Tyre,
Sidon)
Colonized northern Africa. What was
their greatest colony?
Remarkable shipbuilders (possible
voyages?)
PHOENICIANS
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The alphabet (where we get the
word “Phonetic) (the Phoenicians
were “Hooked on Phonics” )
Who conquered most of Phoenicia?
INDO-EUROPEANS
HITTITES
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Controlled Asia Minor
Fought Egyptians and Babylon
Were advanced militarily due to the
use of chariots and iron
Conquered around 1190 BC
ARYANS
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Took over Indus River Valley
Left no archaeological record
However, left us the “Vedas”, their
sacred literature.
Developed “Caste” system
HINDUISM
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Aryan religion influenced
and led to Hinduism
Multiple Gods
(Brahma/Vishnu/Shiva)
Extremely complex (many
variations)
Reincarnation and
Moksha/Nirvana
Concept of Karma
BUDDHISM
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Founded by Siddhartha
Gautama
Other ways to reach Nirvana
4 Noble Truths
8 Fold Path
Complex with different
variations (Tibetan/Zen)
Has actually found more
acceptance in the Far East
than in India (theories?)
BUDDHISM
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Eightfold Path
• Right
• Right
• Right
• Right
• Right
• Right
• Right
• Right
view
intention
speech
action
livelihood
effort
mindfulness
concentration
BUDDHISM
4 Noble Truths
1.
Life as we know it ultimately is or
leads to suffering/uneasiness
2. Suffering is caused by craving.
3. Suffering ends when craving ends
4. Reaching this liberated state is
achieved by following the teachings
of the Buddha.
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INDUS RIVER VALLEY
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Modern Day NE India
Source of Indus river=Himalayas
Surrounded on three sides by
mountains (Himalayas and Hindu
Kush), Southern boundary is Arabian
Sea
Invasions came through the Khyber
Pass
Harrapans (2500-1500 BCE)
INDUS RIVER VALLEY
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Major cities: Harappa and MohenjoDaro
City grid system (4 quarters? Political,
residential, economic, religious)
Underground sewage system
We don’t understand their language
What happened?