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Objectives WHI.4 The student will be able to: Describe the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Hinduism Describe the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Buddhism Essential Questions What are the beliefs of the Hindu religion? How did Hinduism influence Indian society and culture? What are the beliefs of Buddhism? How did Buddhism spread? Hinduism Origins Aryan tribes from Central No specific founder, no single theology, no agreement on origins Word Hinduism sixth century B.C. to refer to people living in the area Hinduism existed long before recorded history Earliest surviving documents written in 1500 B.C.E. Objects related to Hinduism date back to 2500 B.C.E. Asia invaded India around 1400 B.C. brought Indo-European language and religion Aryans first settled in Punjab (Northern India) Migrated later to Ganges River Valley The Vedas Hindu’s prefer term Vedic Veda are Vedic text that provide the only written source for understanding religious life in ancient India Considered sacred writings Vedas compromised of 1,000 hymns followed by chants and prose works Over time only highlytrained priest could perform the complicated Vedic rituals Upanishads Sacred Writings Record wisdom of Hindu teachers and sages as far back at 1000 B.C.E. Nature of morality and eternal life Transmigration of souls Causality in creation How to achieve moksha – a perfect understanding of all things Bhagavad-Gita Part of the Mahabharata- one of the longest books in the world Dialogue between Arjuna (hero) and Krishna Incredibly important cultural text Five Basic Beliefs One God that takes multiple forms Brahman Supreme God everything is part of Brahman the goal in life is to unite atman with Brahman Dharma sacred duty individual dharma is determined by personality, age, sex, and social class following dharma promotes harmony Karma Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences the sum of good and bad actions are carried from one life to the next Reincarnation Rebirth based upon your karma Reincarnation ends when you reach Moksha Liberation of the soul Practices Rituals Marriage: match must be approved by both parents, usually arranged, horoscopes drawn up, bride’s family pays dowry Death: body cremated, body not required after death due to reincarnation Worship called Puja Worship often takes place in home No particular day or time Deities Brahma: the Creator Vishnu: the Preserver Deities Siva: the destoyer Krishna Hinduism and Society Karma and reincarnation reinforced caste system Dominated every person’s life Determined How one ate Personal cleanliness Who one could be friends with How one dressed Hinduism spread along major trade routes Buddhism Around 500’s B.C.E. Founder Siddhartha Gautama The Buddha or “Enlightened One” Story of the Buddha Siddhartha came from a kingdom in Himalayas Son of a ruling family, born 563 B.C. Raised in luxury At 16 married a princess Had everything In late 20’s became aware of illness, sickness, death and old age Gave up his royal life to find the true meaning of life At first followed the ascetics But he almost died of starvation! Turned to meditating Reached “Enlightenment” Spent his life preaching His teachings became basis of Buddhism Principles of Buddhism Four Noble Truths Ordinary life is suffering This suffering is caused by our desire to satisfy ourselves The way to end suffering is to end desire for selfish goals The way to end desire is to follow the middle path Eightfold Path Right Views: knowledge of the 4 Noble Truths Right Aspirations: discard desire and avoid hurting others Right Speech: telling the truth Right Conduct: not stealing or cheating Right Livelihood: earning a living in a way that does not harm or cause bloodshed to others Right Effort: thinking positively Right Mindfulness: being aware of the effects of thoughts and actions Right Meditation: allowing a peaceful state of mind Buddhism in India Missionaries spread Buddhism throughout India Asoka’s missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia Hinduism dominated India Most widespread religion in East Asia Thanks to Asoka Revisit Objectives WHI.4 The student will be able to: Describe the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Hinduism Describe the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Buddhism Essential Questions What are the beliefs of the Hindu religion? How did Hinduism influence Indian society and culture? What are the beliefs of Buddhism? How did Buddhism spread?