Transcript Nutrients Have Class Too!

10 Things You Can do to
Burn More Calories
Ms. Makuta
• Objectives:
– The students will explain the six major nutrients.
– The students will explain the breakdown of foods and
absorption of nutrients by the body.
• Vocabulary:
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Nutrition
Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Nutrient Deficiency
• Nutrition is the
study of how your
body uses the
food you eat.
• A nutrient is a chemical substance in the body
that helps maintain the body.
• Your body needs over 50 different nutrients
which can be divided into 6 classes:
– Carbohydrates
– Fats
– Proteins
– Vitamins
– Minerals
– Water
Carbohydrates
• Functions
– Provides body main
source of energy
– Produces glucose –
used immediately or
stored
– Provide bulk
– Helps the body digest
fats
• Sources:
– Sugars - honey, jam
– Starch sources - breads,
cereals, pasta
– Fiber sources - fruits,
vegetables, whole grains
Carbohydrates
• Types
– Simple Carbohydrates/Sugars
• Include sugars found naturally in
foods such as fruits, vegetables, and
milk products.
• Simple carbohydrates also include
sugars added during food processing
and refining.
– Complex Carbohydrates
• Starch and dietary fiber.
• Starch must be broken down through
digestion before your body can use it
as a glucose source.
Carbohydrates
Fats
• Functions
– Provides energy
– Carries fat- soluble
vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
– Protects vital organs and
provides insulation
– Provides essential fatty
acids
• Types
– Fatty Acids
– Cholesterol
Fats are compounds of
many types of fatty acids
and a body chemical
called glycerol.
Fats
• Types
– Fatty Acids
• Saturated Fat – found in animal and dairy products
– Raises LDL
• Polyunsaturated – found in olive peanut oils
– Decreases LDL
• Monounsaturated – found in corn and vegetable oils
– Decreases LDL
– Increases HDL
– Cholesterol
• Low density lipoproteins – LDL - ”bad cholesterol”
• High density lipoproteins – HDL - ”good cholesterol”
Some “Fat” Examples
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Cheese
Butter
Nuts
Meats
Dressings
Chocolate
What other fat
examples can you
identify?
Proteins
• Functions
– Build and repair tissues
– Helps the body to make
important substances
– Regulate body processes
– Supply energy
• Types
– Complete: contains
adequate amounts of all
essential amino acids
– Incomplete: Lacks some
amino acids
Proteins Sources
• Complete
– Meat
– Milk
– Eggs
– Fish
• Incomplete
– Nuts
– Legumes
Complex carbohydrates are broken
down into glucose more slowly than
simple carbohydrates. This provide
the body with a gradual steady
stream of energy throughout the
day.
Think Nutritionally
• Are following all sources • True – thumbs up
of energy,
carbohydrates, proteins,
and fats?
• False – thumbs down
Motivational Quote
Nutrition and Wellness
Challenge
This week let’s increase
our cardiovascular
activity.
Try to go for a walk,
run, bike ride, or etc at
least twice.
Tuesday, September 10, 2013
• Red meat is an example of which form of
energy?
– Fat
– Carbohydrate
– Protein
• Is eating red meat healthy?
– Let’s find out….
• Can be divided into two main categories
• Fat-soluble vitamins
– dissolve in fats
– can be stored in fatty tissues of the body
• Water-soluble vitamins
– dissolve in water
– are not stored in the body
• Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body's cells
and are not excreted as easily as water-soluble
vitamins.
• They do not need to be consumed as often as watersoluble vitamins, although adequate amounts are
needed.
• If you take too much of a fat-soluble vitamin, it could
become toxic.
• Your body is especially sensitive to too much vitamin
A from animal sources (retinol) and too much
vitamin D.
• A balanced diet usually provides enough fat-soluble
vitamins.
Tuesday, September 11, 2013
Has anyone every heard of
this new diet trend?
• Water-soluble vitamins travel freely through
the body, and excess amounts usually are
excreted by the kidneys.
• The body needs water-soluble vitamins in
frequent, small doses.
• These vitamins are not as likely as fat-soluble
vitamins to reach toxic levels.
• Minerals can also be divided into two
categories:
• Macrominerals are needed in amounts of 100
mg or more per day.
• Trace elements are needed in amounts less
than 100 mg per day.
Water
• Functions
– Aids digestion and cell
growth and maintenance
– Facilitates chemical
reactions
– Lubricates joints and
cells
– Regulates body
temperature
– Overall well-being
• Sources
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Water
Milk
Fruits and Vegetables
Other Liquids
Some Foods
Not getting enough nutrients can lead to deficiency diseases
Deficiency
Diseases
Symptoms
Protein-energy
malnutrition
Kwashiorkor
Edema, irritability,
anorexia, enlarged liver
Vitamin D and Calcium
Osteoporosis/Rickets
Brittle bones and bow legs
Iodine
Goiter
Swelling of the thyroid
gland
Iron
Anemia
Fatigue, weakness, poor
appetite, constipation
Thiamin
Beriberi
Affects nervous system,
pain, vomiting, difficulty
walking
Niacin
Pellagra
Diarrhea, dermatitis,
dementia
Vitamin C
Scurvy
Spongy, bleeding gums
Vitamin A
Night blindness
Difficulty or inability to see
in low light or darkness
• As with everything, too much of any one thing
is not good for you and the same thing goes
for nutrients.
• Excess energy nutrients - carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins - can lead to unhealthy weight
gain.
• Excesses of some vitamins and minerals can
lead to toxicity (poisoning) and other
complications.