Transcript Deitel PowerPoint Slides

1
Tutorial 1 – Moving Shapes
Application
Introducing Computers, the Internet and Java
Programming
Outline
1.1
What Is a Computer?
1.2
Computer Organization
1.3
Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level
Languages
1.4
Java
1.5
Other High-Level Languages
1.6
Structured Programming
1.7
Key Software Trend: Object Technology
1.8
The Internet and the World Wide Web
1.9
Running a Java Application
1.10
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes Application
1.11
Internet and Web Resources
1.12
Wrap-Up
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
2
Objectives
• In this tutorial, you will learn:
– The units into which typical computers are divided.
– To identify the characteristics of low-level and high-level
programming languages.
– About the history of high-level programming languages.
– What objects are and why object technology is important.
– The evolution of the Internet and the World Wide Web.
– How to run your first Java application.
– How to locate additional Java information using the Internet.
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3
1.1
What Is a Computer?
• Types of computers
– Personal computer
– Supercomputer
• Parts of a computer
– Hardware
– Software
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
4
1.2
Computer Organization
• Input unit
– Input devices
• Output unit
– Output devices
• Memory unit
– Primary memory
– Volatile
• Arithmetic and logic unit
– Performs calculation
– Determines logic
• Central processing unit
– Administrative section
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
5
1.2
Computer Organization (Cont.)
• Secondary storage unit
– Long-term
– High capacity storage
– Nonvolatile
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
6
1.3 Machine Languages, Assembly
Languages and High-Level Languages
• Machine language
– “Natural language”
– Machine dependent
• Assembly language
– Machine language too slow
– English-like abbreviation
– Assemblers
• High-level language
– Compiler and interpreter
– Write instructions that look like everyday English
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
7
1.4
Java
• Object Oriented
– Objects
• Components
• Classes
– Methods
– Graphical User Interface (GUI)
– Event Driven
• Java Application Programming Interface (API)
• Platform Independent
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8
1.5
Other High-Level Languages
• Fortran
– Developed in mid-1950s
– For scientific and engineering applications
• COBOL
– Developed in late 1950s
– Business software
• The C language
– Development language of the Unix operating system
– C++ extends C
• Object-oriented programming language
• Basic
– Developed in mid-1960s
– Sun Microsystems
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
9
1.5
Other High-Level Languages (Cont.)
• Visual Basic .NET
– Designed for Microsoft’s .NET framework
– Object-oriented programming language
– Framework Class Library (FCL)
• C#
– Designed for Microsoft’s .NET framework
– Comparable capabilities with Java and Visual Basic .NET
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
10
1.6
Structured Programming
• Evolution of structured programming
– Clearer and easy to modify
– Pascal
• Designed for teaching structured programming
• Lacked many features
– Ada programming language
• Develop with sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Defense
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
11
1.7
Key Software Trend: Object Technology
• Object technology
– Objects have attributes
– Objects perform actions
• Procedural programming language
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
12
1.8
The Internet and the World Wide Web
• Advanced Research Projects Agency
– Networking together computer systems
– ARPAnet
• Today’s internet
– Transmission Control Protocol
• Sending and receiving packets
– Internet Protocol
• “Network of networks”
• World Wide Web
– Collection of hardware and software
– HyperText Markup Language
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
13
1.9
Running a Java Application
• Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
– Portion of the J2SDK that enables you to execute Java
applications
• .java or source code files
• .class files
• Compilation
– Process of converting statements from a high-level language
into statements of a machine language
• Command Prompt window
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
14
1.9
Figure 1.1
Running a Java Application (Cont.)
A Command Prompt window in Windows 2000.
Beginning directory
for Windows 2000
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
15
1.9
Figure 1.2
Running a Java Application (Cont.)
A Command Prompt window in Windows XP.
Beginning directory
for Windows XP
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
16
1.10
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application
• Opening the application
– Open a Command Prompt window
– Change to your completed Moving Shapes directory
– Type java MovingShapes
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Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
17
1.10
Figure 1.3
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
Changing to the Moving Shapes application’s directory.
Note that the current
directory changed
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Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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1.10
Figure 1.4
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
Running the Moving Shapes application.
Execute Moving
Shapes application
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Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
19
1.10
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
• GUI Components
– Graphical Elements
•
•
•
•
JFrame
JButton
JComboBox
JPanel
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Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
20
1.10
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
Figure 1.5 Moving Shapes Java application with an interactive GUI.
Application displays
in a JFrame (that is,
a window)
Clicking this JButton
displays a window that
allows the user to select
the color of a shape
Clicking this
JComboBox allows the
user to select shape to
draw
White portion is a
JPanel, which
represents the drawing
area
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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1.10
Figure 1.6
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
JComboBox displaying options.
Rectangle option
highlighted
• Draw a Rectangle
– Choose Rectangle from the JComboBox
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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1.10
Figure 1.7
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
Clicking the Color JButton.
• Select a Color
– Press the JButton to display a Select a Color dialog
– Choose the color red from the palette
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
23
1.10
Figure 1.8
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
Select a Color dialog.
Palette of color swatches
Select a color
by clicking the
mouse
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Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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1.10
Figure 1.9
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
Application once color has been modified.
JButton with changed
background color
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Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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1.10
Figure 1.10
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
Drawing a rectangle.
• Draw the Shape
– Drag the mouse across the JPanel to draw a shape
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Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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1.10
Figure 1.11
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
Moving rectangle after mouse button is released.
Rectangle moves
once mouse
button is released
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Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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1.10
Figure 1.12
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
Selecting Oval as the shape to draw.
• Draw an Oval
– Select Oval from the JComboBox
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Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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1.10
Figure 1.13
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
Drawing an oval.
• Select a color and Draw the oval
– Choose the color green
– Drag the mouse to draw the oval
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Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
29
1.10
Figure 1.14
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
Moving Shapes application with several shapes drawn.
Close button
Lines may be drawn
as well as rectangles
and ovals
Shapes may
overlap when
moving
• Create more shapes
– Draw various shapes with various colors in the same manner that
you drew the rectangle and oval
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
30
1.10
Test-Driving the Moving Shapes
Application (Cont.)
• Software reuse
– Did not need to define the general look and feel of some
components
• Line
• Rectangle
• Oval
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
31
1.11
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Internet and Web Resources
www.deitel.com
www.prenhall.com/deitel
www.softlord.com/comp
www.elsop.com/wrc/h_comput.htm
www.w3.org/History.html
www.netvalley.com/intval.html
java.sun.com
developer.java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/
new2java
© Copyright 1992-2004 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson
Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.