Transcript F29SE2 Software Engineering in Java 2

F21SF
Software Engineering Foundations
Interaction with a GUI
Dept of
Computer
Science
10/04/2015
Monica Farrow EM G30
email : [email protected]
Material available on Vision
Interaction with GUI
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Topics
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Event handling in java with buttons
Dialogs
Validating user input
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F21SF
Software Engineering Foundations
JOptionPane Dialog
Dept of
Computer
Science
10/04/2015
Monica Farrow EM G30
email : [email protected]
Material available on Vision
Interaction with GUI
3
JOptionPane
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JOptionPane is an example of a dialog box.
It is used to get limited information from the user
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Displays a message
Either Yes/No or OK/Cancel
Maybe simple text input
It is modal. This means that once it is displayed,
the user has to interact with it before they can do
anything else with the application.
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JOptionPane examples - 1
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The simplest version displays a message
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JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,
"Goodbye");
The first parameter is often ‘null’, meaning that
the message is not attached to a parent
Component, such as a JFrame.
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JOptionPane examples - 2
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An input dialog gets text from the user
If the user presses cancel, the value returned is
null
String speed = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,
"Speed in miles per hour?");
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Validating input
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You could use this for any input, not just JOptionPanes
try {
double mph = Double.parseDouble(speed);
double kph = 1.621 * mph;
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,
"KPH = " + kph);
finish = true;
}
catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,
"'" + speed + "' is not a number",
"Invalid input", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE );
}
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JOptionPane examples - 3
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This example sets the title & changes the icon
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,
"'" + speed + "' is not a number",
"Invalid input",
JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE );
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JOptionPane - summary
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You can
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Show a message, input or confirm dialog box
Link the dialog to a parent component, such as a
frame, or not (essential)
Provide a message (essential)
Provide a title (optional)
Change the default set of option buttons (optional)
Change the style of the message (optional)
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Includes a default icon (warning, error etc )
For more details
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See java tutorial and java documentation
My example provided on Vision
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F21SF
Software Engineering Foundations
Back to buttons
Dept of
Computer
Science
10/04/2015
Monica Farrow EM G30
email : [email protected]
Material available on Vision
Interaction with GUI
10
User Interface Events
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There are many user interface events.
Today we are interested in button clicks
Other events might be……
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Mouse pressed, released, clicked, dragged,...
Text value changed
Window closed, activated
Check box, list box, combo box changed
etc
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An Event-driven program
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An event driven program waits for an event
and then reacts to it
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The user, not the programmer, controls the order in
which events occur
This is the natural model for a program with a GUI
The programmer specifies which events they wish to
handle
Events which are not handled are ignored
The java.awt.event package is used to
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Listen for events
Transfer control to the correct place in the program
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Java Event Handling Model
is registered to
Button
Event source
listen for
ActionEvent
Listening
Class
Event handler
fires action event
passes action event
details to
Operating
System
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The event source
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The event source (e.g. Button)
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Can generate the event (e.g. button clicks)
JButton search;
search = new JButton("Search");
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Manages the listeners – knows which class contains
the methods which will handle the event
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The method-handling class is specified using the
addActionListener method
In our case, the method which handles the event will be in
the same class i.e. the GUI class, and is referred to as
‘this’
search.addActionListener(this) ;
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The listeners
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The event listener class must provide standard
methods to handle the event
The class does this by implementing the
appropriate Listener interface
For JButtons, there is an ActionListener interface
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This interface describes the required method
actionPerformed which handles button clicks.
All the information about the button click is provided in
an ActionEvent object, which is a parameter to the
actionPerformed method.
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actionPerformed method
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In the StaffList example, our frame class implements the
interface and provides the actionPerformed method.
public class StaffListGUI extends JFrame
implements ActionListener {
. . .
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getSource() == showListById) {
displayList.setText(staffList.listByID());
}
else if (e.getSource() == showListByName ) {
displayList.setText(staffList.listByName());
}
else if (e.getSource() == search) {
. . .
}
}
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Java Event Model
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A typical program
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System calls the main method
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Nothing happens until the user causes an event
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Main method calls constructors to set up the GUI
Main terminates
System calls the listener method
Listener method handles the event and terminates
Nothing happens until the next event.....
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What can go wrong with listeners?
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What if you do not register the listener class
with the button? (i.e. no addActionListener )
What if your GUI class implements
ActionListener, but does not have an
actionPerformed method?
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What if you provide the actionPerformed
method and do not implement ActionListener?
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What if you forget to import the
java.awt.event package?
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Listener problems – answers - 1
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What if you do not register the listener class
with the button? (i.e .no addActionListener )
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Nothing happens when you click on the button
What if your GUI class implements
ActionListener, but does not have an
actionPerformed method?
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Compilation error, if the class implements an
interface, it must provide the required methods
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Listener problems - answers
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What if you provide the actionPerformed
method and do not implement ActionListener?
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If you don’t add actionListeners either, the
actionPerformed method is just another method in
your class, but will never be called
If you do add actionListeners, the compiler
recognises that your class doesn’t implement
ActionListener, and complains.
What if you forget to import the
java.awt.event package?
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The compiler doesn’t recognise any of the event
handling classes and interfaces and their methods
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Summary : Enabling a GUI class to handle ActionEvents
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Import java.awt.event.*
Add implements ActionListener to the class
header
use the addActionListener method for each
component that is to fire an event:
myButton.addActionListener(this)
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write an actionPerformed (ActionEvent e)
method containing the event handling code. You
may need to determine which event occurred.
if (e.getSource() == myButton)
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StaffList application
StaffList
Demo
StaffList
Interface
JFrame
StaffListGUI
StaffList
Staff
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Action
Listener
Other
Awt and swing
classes
N.B.
StaffList and Staff classes
could be used by different
interface
=> Flexible design
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Closing an application
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Sometimes you want to do some final processing just
before closing.
Disable the window closing button
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setDefaultCloseOperation(this.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);
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Add your own button to the GUI
close = new JButton("Close");
close.addActionListener(this);
northPanel.add(close);
Do whatever you like when the user presses it.
else if (e.getSource() == close) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,
"Do 'end of program' things
instead of showing this");
System.exit(0);
}
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Getting data from text fields
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If the user inputs data, you get it from the text
field and check that it is ok
String searchString = searchField.getText().trim();
if(searchString.length() > 0) {
Staff person = staffList.findById(searchString);
if (person != null )
result.setText(person.toString());
else
result.setText("not found");
}
else
result.setText("no text entered");
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More data validation
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You may need to convert a string to a number
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Recall Integer.parseInt discussed under File IO
See update method in StaffListGUI2
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Or check ranges using if/else ......
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You could use a try/catch
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Summary
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These 2 lectures provide examples of:
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Organising layout
Closing the application from a GUI
Displaying in text areas, labels, text fields
Using JOptionPane methods
Responding to button clicks
Getting data from a text area
You should be able to study the supplied code and
use a similar approach in your assignment
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