Transcript Who actually immigrated to New France?

 Samuel de Champlain
 Navigator, explorer, cartographer.
 “The Father of New France.”
 He founded New France and Quebec City in 1608.
 Made the first accurate map of the coast and he helped
establish the settlements.
 Was the first European to explore and describe the Great
1620: Louis XIII ordered him to administer the country
(essentially becoming Governor, though was not a noble).
 He established trading companies that sent goods,
primarily fur, to France, and oversaw the growth of New
France in the St. Lawrence River Valley until his death in
1635.






Colonization began in earnest in the early 1600’s.
Expeditions and exploration led France to ‘control’
the area (based on trading posts).
Entrepreneurs were granted monopolies – who
agreed to establish colonies and evangelize the
Aboriginal populations.
In 1608, Champlain settled in Quebec City – a
location known by Europeans and good for
commerce (trading with Aboriginal groups).
Despite renewed interest in settlement of the area,
growth of Quebec City was slow.
It was not until the 1630s that the population was
over 100.
 Read pages 26-27.
 Interpretation Question 1 to 4.
1.What were the different methods used by the French to occupy
the territory?

The different methods used to occupy the territory were the
seigneurial system, the fur trade, exploration and the building
of forts and religious missions to convert the aboriginals.
2.What allowed cities and villages to grow?

the factors that allowed cities and villages to grow were
commercial activity ( the buying and selling of goods) and a
high number of births.
3. What are the consequences of exploration on the territory?

the consequences of exploration was that many single men didn't
want to settle the land, but instead wanted to explore, join the fur
trade, evangelize to the aboriginals about God or simply wanted
adventure
4. What impact did the occupation of part of the territory by the English
have on the French?
 the impact of the British occupying territory was that
 competition for the French trading networks
 this led eventually to wars which resulted in parts of the New France
territory being given over the British.
8



The seigneur rented most of the land to
tenants, known as censitaires or habitants,
who cleared the land, built houses and other
buildings, and farmed the land.
In turn the habitants would pay fees to the
seigneur ( lord) and a tithe to the church.
These fees were paid with the best of their
crops ( wheat etc).
9


Champlain was an advocate for the colonization of the St.
Lawrence Valley.
In 1618, he suggested proposals to Louis XIII and French
Chamber of Commerce to establish and settle the colony.
 These included:
Have entire families immigrate.
 Set up an administration.
 Found Cities.
 Build forts with garrisons.
 Develop the Christian faith.
 Open a route to Asia.
 Individual interests, and lack of government initiative, put the idea of
colonization on the backburner.
 Champlain died in 1635, never fulfilling his expectations.

The other obstacles that
slowed population growth
Companies worrying
more about their
profits than settling
the territory
The war between
England and France
hindered the growth
of New france
Companies were given monopolies if they
settled and evangelized the new territory,
however these proved to be costly, so they
neglected these duties. They also saw
newcomers as competition.


Cardinal de Richelieu relaunched colonization
efforts, recruiting 100 investors.
War between England and France hindered
the growth of the company.
◦ The English attacked ships containing colonists.
◦ The English forced most inhabitants out of Quebec.

The English nearly bankrupted the Company
of New France, although it held on until 1663
when it was dissolved. It promoted
immigration, but lower than expectations.
14



Missionaries worked hard to settle and
convert the new territory.
They received funding from people in France,
or encouraged others to join them in the
colony.
In order to maintain the colony clergy were
given large seigneuries. In 1674, 55% of the
area granted were given to religious
communities.



Unsatisfied, Louis XIV and Jean Tallon set about
reorganizing colonial empire.
After a census in 1666, it was determined that
there were only 3,215 habitants.
As a result, the king took over management –
occupation, defence and exploring/exploiting
natural resources. This included:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
System of engagé.
Filles du Roi.
Offering seigneuries to troops.
Prisoners were also sent.
Threat of withdrawal of land.



The private company, the Company of 100
Associates, had not fulfilled its charter to
poplate the country
by 1629, only 21 people lived in New France;
by 1662 it had increased to 1,100
men vastly outnumbered women and the King
wished to increase the population to compete
with the English colonies




The Filles du Roi were brought to
Quebec to increase the
population
about 770 young women were
transported and settled in New
France under the sponsorship of
King Louis XIV
The King also provided a dowry
of 50 livres for the girls to be
married
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=wd01qOlbtYc 1:30




The dowry of 50 livres was a considerable
amount, a common labourer in France
would the same in a year
some of the girls came from orphanages
from cities, but were generally not cut out
for pioneer life
those from the country fared better
some were ‘filles de qualité’ and were
daughters of the business and professional
classes




Faced with many attacks from the
Mohawk, the King sent French
regular troops to New France
some 1200 troops and officers
arrived in Quebec in 1665
they established forts along the
Richelieu River and campaigned
against the Mohawk
about 450 men remained in New
France and some married the
Filles du Roi





Many of the soldiers used their
‘dit’ names
similar to ‘also known as’
these names were received as
recruits and were their official
army names
only officers kept their real
names
example: Antoine Roy dit
Desjardins, Rene Poupart dit La
Fleur

The Intendant, Jean Talon set up a number
of measures to increase the population:
◦ all families with 10 children paid 300 livres a
year
◦ all families with 12 children paid 400 livres a
year
◦ all boys 20 and less who marry a girl 16 or less
would receive 20 pounds on their wedding day




The colony also needed workers in order to
grow, so workers (engagés) had their
transportation paid for
they were under contract for 3 years and during
which they could be bought and sold
between 1664-1671, 500 out of 1,000 who
came stayed in New France
“All poor people would be better off here than in
France, provided they are not lazy. They will not
lack for work and they will not be able to say, as
they do in France, that they have to scrounge for
a living because no one has work for them...” Pierre Bouchard, Merchant

Which groups made up the majority of Canada’s
immigrants?
25

In your opinion were measures taken by France
effective at increasing the population ?
26

Statistics:
◦ About 27,000 to 35,000 people arrived in the St.
Lawrence Valley.
◦ Mostly men: favoured as they were cheaper
(transport), performed the duties of clearing and
defending.
◦ Despite the Fille du Roi, more than 90% of men 1529 were single.
◦ Slaves were numbered at about 4,100.
27


The group of immigrants to Canada was
small compared to the 900,000 Europeans
and Africans who arrived in the 13 colonies of
the US.
Low immigration was the result of:
◦ Harsh climate.
◦ Iroquois Wars a.k.a. The Beaver Wars (later resulting
in The Great Treaty of Montreal).
◦ Fur trade provided few jobs.
◦ Few stayed longer than they had to, including
soldiers.
28
29