Transcript Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte to the Congress of Vienna

Emperor
Napoleon Bonaparte
to
the Congress of
Vienna
Basics #5 Napoleon Vocabulary CSS
10.2
 Napoleonic Code – Napoleon’s reform of the laws which
embodied the Enlightenment principles such as the
equality of all citizens before the law and religious
toleration
 Annex – to take over a neighboring country and make it
part of your own country
 Continental System – Napoleon’s economic war with
Britain which closed European ports to British goods
 Scorched-Earth System – Russia’s practice of burning
farms and villages as they retreated from Napoleon’s
Army, leaving the French Army without sufficient food
• Abdicate – step down from power
• Congress of Vienna – diplomats and political
leaders from European countries who met
from Sept. 1814-June 1815 to create a lasting
peace in Europe by balancing power with new
nations borders which would minimize
France’s ability to expand again
• Ideology – systems of thought or belief
• Autonomy – self-rule, the right of an
ethnicity group to rule themselves and not be
part of an Empire
Basics #5 Latin American Revolutions Vocabulary CSS
10.2
• Radicals – those who favor extreme change
• Recession – a period of reduced economic activity
• Peninsulare – members of the highest social class
in Latin America, Spanish-born
• Creole – Latin Americans descended from
Europeans
• Mestizo – people of Native American & European
descent
• Mulatto – people of African and European decent
Simon Bolivar – creole inspired by
Enlightenment ideas in Europe to bring
revolution to Latin American countries
Toussaint L’Ouverture – self-educated,
former slave who led a successful slave
revolt against the French in Haiti (17911798) and inspired Haiti to declare
independence
Father Miguel Hidalgo – a creole priest in
Mexico, whose speech “el Grito de
Delores” inspired the Mexican Revolution
against Spain
Basics 4 Questions
1. What were the Napoleonic Codes?
2. What were the three mistakes of
Napoleon?
3. How did Napoleon gain power?
4. Who was Simon Bolivar?
Napoleon a Rising Star
1795-At 25
– hero of the Republic of France
1796-At 26
– “the General” victories enemy forces
1799-At 30
– control of France’s Military
– coup d’etat (blow of state)
• Used his troops and influence to take
over the government of France
A leader at last…
Coup led to a victory over anti-French
powers
– Britain, Austria and Russia
1800- vote of the people
– all real power given to Napoleon
• vote overwhelmingly in favor of Napoleon
Stability and Order
 Napoleon wanted
– Strong central government
– Strong Economy
1. Equality in Taxation
2. Effective tax-collection
3. National Bank
– End of Corruption
Napoleonic Code
Code of Laws
– Would end many injustices
– promoted order
But…
– Women lost many rights
– Freedom of Press and Speech limited
– Restored slavery
Emperor
Napoleon crowns himself
The BIG mistakes
Napoleon attacks the only
rival left on the mainland of
Europe-Continental System
Attacking Russia in the
winter
Fighting in Spain
What happens after?
Napoleon withdrawals his army
– 600,000 to start
– 28,000 at the end of the attack!!
Napoleon
– Leaves his army
– Attempts to rebuild in France
– Other European powers unite to defeat him in
1813
Exile—Return—Exile
Why not just kill him?
– Exiled to the small island
of Elba (Italy)
Napoleon escapes and for
100 days returns to be
Emperor of France but is
defeated at Waterloo
(1815)
Re-exiled to St.
Helena (South
Atlantic)
Died in 1821 of
a stomach ailment
Peace—Congress of Vienna
The five “great” powers of
Europe
– Austria, Russia, Prussia,
Britain and France (under a
new King)
– How to deal with Europe after
Napoleon’s Empire is
dismantled?
The two big goals:
Return the royal families to their
rightful thrones
1.
–
Any democratic movement was a threat!
Prevent another war—Balance of
Power
2.
–
If one power attacks another the rest will
join against the attacker